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Praxis II PLT – Theorists Exam Questions and Answers
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Praxis II PLT – Theorists Exam Questions and Answers
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Praxis II: PLT – Theorists ExamQuestions and Answers
Lev Vygotsky - Answers -emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive
development, Developed the idea of the "Zone of Proximal Development," mainly
focused on cognitive development of children, learning language comes through social
processes.
Jerome Bruner - Answers -Theories:"Discovery and Inquiry Learning": learning is an
active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on knowledge
or past experiences, theory emphasizes a student's ability to solve real-life problems
and make new meaning through reflection, teaching methods that enable students to
discover information by themselves or in groups(easily grasped by a student) Learning
in context. If information is presented in an appropriate way, the student can learn it.
Teaching procedure: go over past learning over time but always increase the level on
Bloom's Taxonomy.
John Dewey - Answers -Progressive educator who believed in Child Centered Learning
or learning by doing (interaction/ environment), passionate about democracy,
cooperative learning. Students should interact with the curriculum & have opportunity to
take part in their own learning.
Abraham Maslow - Answers -Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of
Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"
Howard Gardner - Answers -devised theory of multiple intelligences: logical-
mathematic, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal,
naturalistic
Albert Bandura - Answers -Bobo doll studies; concentrated studies on observational
learning (a.k.a. modeling)
B.F. Skinner - Answers -Behaviorist, emphasized what we do is the ultimate test of who
we are. Believed rewards & punishments determine our behavior
Jean Piaget - Answers -Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2.
preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal operational. He said that the two
basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and
accomodation
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