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MCPHS PHARMACOKINETICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
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MCPHS PHARMACOKINETICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Describe drug absorption Occurs when a drug is not injected directly into the vein(IV). The drug needs to pass through the body and get to the bloodstream. Factors that affect GI motility, surface ar...

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  • November 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MCPHS PHARMACOKINETICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST

UPDATE


Describe drug absorption


Occurs when a drug is not injected directly into the vein(IV). The drug needs to pass through the body

and get to the bloodstream. Factors that affect GI motility, surface area, the dosage form

used(disintegrate, dissolve, absorb), and physicochemical properties(lipid solubility, size, matter...).


Describe absorption process


The drug is administered in one way or another Part A is the therapeutic action(drug) B is non-

therapeutic (moiety). A+B is the molecular form of the drug. To a count, for the inactive drug a salt factor

is in place(A/(A+B)). Once processed to GI tract absorption starts(Dgi=A+B). The amount that becomes

bioavailable (Db) relies on the product of the salt factor(S), the fraction of drug absorbed(F), and the

amount of drug in the GI tract(Dgi).


Zero order absorption


Carrier molecules get saturated, or fixed amounts released, aka modified release drug. Based on the data

collected. Absorption rate constant is k0.


First order absorption

,Most absorption, faster absorption. Absorption rate constant k. The rate of this absorption is equal to

the rate at which the drug is absorbed minus the rate of elimination. When t is large there is no

absorption.


Wagner-Nelson method


Determines fraction of un-absorbed drug k and ka in a single compartment.


Loo-Riegelman method


Determines fraction of un-absorbed drug k and ka, assumes a double compartment model. Drug needs

to be given by IV and by PO in order to determine all the parameters. Need to determine transfer

constants before use k12 k21.


Cmax, Tmax, AUC relationship


ka↑ k≡ CMAX↑ TMAX↓ AUC ≡

k↑ ka≡ CMAX↓ TMAX↓ AUC ↓


Flip flop Ka and K during pharmacokinetic data analysis


normally ka>k in this instance ka<k. Happens when estimated from oral absorption. Occurs with fast

elimination k>0.69 or short t 1/2 not good for PO. To ensure this doesn't happen also give by IV. can also

happen in modified doses.


Method of residuals


Plot of Cp used to determine ka. Can be determined using the feathering technique. Extrapolate the lines

and the difference from the two lines is the residual line-ka/2.3

distribution phase is more rappid than the elimination phase


Main routes of drug elimination 9

, l9-10 Primary route is kidneys, but it can also be through lungs, sweat, and breast milk. Bio-

transformation or removal of unchanged drug


Principle of Superposition


To lay something on top of another thing. Multiple doses on top of each other to increase the total dose.

More doses the higher the concentration, keeps rising until it reaches a steady state. Sum of all the drug

in the system at that time. Each individual has a max but multiple doses can sum up to a SS and higher

conc.


Drug Accumulation


Mutiple dosing that is intended to keep plasma levels within the thereputic window. Early doses have no

pharmocokinetic effect on the later doses. Only superimposed on those of the earlier doses. Entire single

dose administration is equal to any dosing interval at steady state in a multiple dosing case. Peak

concentration will continue to rise until SS is reached. Can predict from a single dose administration.

Even with slight alter in T prediction will still hold.


Drug accumulation half life


depends on t1/2 elimination NOT ꚍ NOT Dose


Plasma drug concentrations IV one compartment


Cmax, Cmin, Cav, Cp, Cp∞ Can be repeated to help better tolerate


Plasma drug concentrations non-compliance scenarios


Missed: tmiss, the more recent a tmiss the greater effect it will have on the current plasma conc. tmiss

greater than 5 t1/2 should be omitted(minimal impact).

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