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CSMLS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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CSMLS EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERSWhat molecule is responsible for HOW living organsims synthesize energy?` - Answer
DNA
What are the 2 divisions of metabolism? - Answer Catabolism and Anabolism
What is the function of ATP? - Answer Stores energy for metabolism
What are the four phases of a bacterial growth curve? - Answer Lag, Exponential,
Stationary and Death
Define Sterilization - Answer The destruction of all microbial life
Define Disinfection - Answer The destruction of microbial life on an inanimate object
Define Antisepsis - Answer The destruction of microbial life on living tissue (endospores
may survive)
What is level 1 control of precautions? - Answer Standard precautions - everyone should
follow.
What are level 2 control of precautions? -Answer Contact Precautions - when a patient
is infected and you can garb up to protect yourself because the infection can be spread
with direct contact
What are level 3 control of precautions? -Answer Droplet Precautions - patient can
spread the infection through droplets
,What are level 4 control of precautions? -Answer Airborne/ Isolation precautions. Can
be spread because microorganisms can survive and "fly" in air.
Vertical Gene Transfer -Answer Genetics passed on through reproduction
Horizontal Gene Transfer -Answer Transferring genes to another microbe of the same
generation (sets microbes away from multi-celled life)
What are the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer? -Answer Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction
How might horizontal gene transfer affect microorganisms? - Answer Microbes can
become more virulent and drug resistant which would make the disease harder to treat
Transduction - Answer Genetic material passes via a bacterial virus known as a
bacteriophage
Transformation - Answer Bacteria bind DNA from there surroundings (DNA could be
floating due to lysis)
Conjugation - Answer Donor contracts recipient through a sex pilis. This leads to both
cells possessing the same genetic material copies
Transposition - Answer DNA fragments can jump to a genome's new site
How the genetic diversity can be studied? - Answer By determining the sequence of
nucleotides in rRNA
,What type of ribosomes are in eukaryotic cells? - Answer 80S
What kind of ribosomes are within prokaryotic cells - Answer 70S
Clone vs. Strain - Answer Clone is a population of cells derived from a single cell
Strain is genetically different cells within a clone
How are wavelength and resolution related in microscopy? - Answer As the wavelength
decreases, resolution increases.
Resolution - Answer To see 2 points as separate and distinct
What does it mean if a microscope has a resolving power of 0.4 nm? - Answer That the
microscope can distinguish 2 points 0.5 nm apart
Refractive Index - Answer The light bending ability of a medium (light may bend too
much and miss the high magnification lens)
Low refractive index = high resolution
What is the purpose of Immersion Oil - Answer Is used to keep light from bending
What light is collected in Bright field Microscopes? - Answer Both light reflected from
the object and unreflected lightq
What light is collected in Darkfeild Microscopes? - Answer Only the light reflected from
the object.
, An opaque disc UNDER the condenser blocks out light that would otherwise enter the
objective directly.
What is the purpose of Phase-Contrast Microscopy - Answer Allows for detailed
examination of internal structures of non-fixed and unstained specimens
In-Phase vs. Out of Phase - Answer In phase = peaks match and troughs match = adds
light waves together
Out of phase = peaks and troughs do not match up = cancels light waves out showing
black in the specimen since there is no light.
How does Florescent Microscopy work? - Answer Florescent substances adsorb UV
light and emit visible light. They luminesce.
Immunofluorescence: ? With the use of a fluorochrome labelled AB in the diagnosis of a
certain infectious disease
How can specimens be fixed to a slide before staining? With heat or methyl alcohol
Why do Acid- Fast bacteria retain the red carbolfuscin dye? - Ans Because they have a
waxy layer of mycolic acid. The dye is more soluble in the lipid layer of the bacteria
instead of the acid alcohol reagent
Psychrophiles - AnS Prefer 0-20oC. They live in cold regions of the world and are not
associated with human disease
Thermophiles - Answer Cannot grow at body temp (body temp is too low)
Mesophiles - Answer Human pathogens. They grow at 20-40oC
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