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AG ACNP Review Set 4: Questions With Solutions (A+)
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AG ACNP Review Set 4: Questions With Solutions (A+)
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AG ACNP Review Set 4: Questions With Solutions (A+)Olfactory Right Ans - Crainal Nerve I, Sensory
Cranial Nerve I Right Ans - Responsible for this function: Smell
Optic Right Ans - Cranial Nerve II, Sensory
Cranial Nerve II Right Ans - Responsible for this function: Vision
Oculomotor Right Ans - Cranial Nerve III: Motor
Oculomotor, Cranial Nerve III Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible
for Most Extaocular Movements/muscles, opeining eyelids, pupillary
constriction
Trochlear Right Ans - Cranial Nerve IV: Motor
Trochlear: Cranial Nerve IV Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible for
down and inward eye movement
Trigeminal Right Ans - Cranial Nerve V: Motor and Sensory Functions
Trigeminal: Cranial Nerve V Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible
for muscles of mastication, sensation of face, scalp, cornea, mucus membranes
and nose
Abducens Right Ans - Cranial Nerve IV: Motor Function
Abducens: Cranial Nerve VI Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible for
lateral eye movement
Facial Right Ans - Cranial Nerve VII: Sensory and Motor Functions
Facial: Cranial Nerve VII Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible for
moving the face, closing mouth and eyes, taste (anterior 2/3), saliva and tear
secretion.
Acoustic Right Ans - Cranial Nerve VIII, sensory
,Acoustic: Cranial Nerve VIII Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible
for hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal Right Ans - Cranial Nerve IX, Sensory and Motor
functions
Glossopharyngeal: Cranial Nerve IX Right Ans - This cranial nerve is
responsible for Phonation (one-third), gag reflex, carotid reflex, swallowing,
taste (posterior)
Vagus Right Ans - Cranial Nerve X: Motor and Sensory Funtions
Vagus: Cranial Nerve X Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible for
talking, swallowing, general sensation from the carotid body, carotid reflex
Spinal Accessory Right Ans - Cranial Nerve XI responsible for motor
function
Spinal Accessory, Cranial Nerve XI Right Ans - This cranial nerve is
responsible for movement of the trapezius and sternomastoid muscles (shrug
shoulders)
Hypoglossal Right Ans - Cranial Nerve XII, Motor Function
Hypoglossal: Cranial Nerve XII Right Ans - This cranial nerve is responsible
for moving the tounge.
Lacteral Rectus Right Ans - Which eye muscles move the eye to the side
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Right Ans - Periods of acute cerebral
insufficiency lasting less than 24 hours without an residual deficits. Most
resolve in 3 hours
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Causes/General Concepts Right Ans -
Ischemia due atherosclerosis, thrombus, arterial occulsion, embolus,
intracerbral hemorrhage
Cardio-embolic events such as atrial fib, acute MI, endocarditis, valve disease
TIA is indicative of impeding stroke
,Approximately 1/3 of patients with TIA will experience cerebral infarction
within 5 years
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Signs and Symptoms Right Ans - Altered
vision: Ipsilateral monocuar blindness (amaurosis fugax)
Altered speech: Transient aphasia
Motor Impairment: Paresthesias of contralateral arm, leg or face
Sensory Deficits
Cognitive and behavioral abnormalities
Dysphagia Vertigo Nystagmus
Components of the mental status exam Right Ans - Appearance
Behavior
Cognition
Thought Processes
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Classifications: Vertebrobasilar Right Ans
- As a result of inadequate blood flow from vertebral arteries
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Classifications: Vertebrobasilar Presentation
Right Ans - Clinical Presentation:
Vertigo, Ataxia, dizziness, visual field deficits, weakness, confusion
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Classifications: Carotid Presentation Right
Ans - Aphasia, dysarthria, altered LOC, weakness, numbness
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Classifications: Carotid Right Ans - TIA
due to carotid stenosis
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Laboratory/Diagnostics Right Ans - CT is
best in distinguishing between ischemia, hemorrhage and tumor
MRI is superior to CT in detecting ischemic infarcts
Echocardiogram
Carotid doppler and ultrasonography
Cerebral angiography
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Management Right Ans - Aspiring has
been shown to reduce the incidence of stroke and death.
Clopidogrel (Plavix) 75mg/daily by mouth
, Ticlopidine (Ticlid) associated with agranulocytosis, thrombotic
thrombocytopenia purpura and GI intolerance
Assess for hypertension: The number 1 cause of heart failure
Carotid endarterectomy decreases the risk of stroke and death in patients
with recent TIAs
Endarterectomy is indcated for >70-80% stenosis of vessels for symptomatic
patients
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Right Ans - The rapid onset of
neurological deficits lasting longer than 24 hours, remains the 4th leading
cause of death in the United States.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Common Causes Right Ans -
Atherosclerotic Changes
Chronic Hypertension
Trauma
Aneurysm
AV Malformation
Tumor
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Infarct Right Ans - Can prodce subtle,
progressive or sudden neurologic deficits
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Signs and Symptoms Right Ans - Changes
in LOC
Motor Weakness or Paralysis
Visual Alterations
Changes in vital signs
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Hemorrhagic CVA Right Ans - Usually
presents with acute onset of focal neurologic deficits
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Hemorrhagic CVA: Signs ans Symptoms
Right Ans - Signs of sudden increased ICP, inclduing altered mentation,
headache, and vomiting are present when the hemorrhage is extensive.
With left (dominant) hemisphere involvement, see right hemiparesis, aphasia,
dysarthria, difficulty reading, writing.
With right (non-dominant) hemisphere involvement, see left hemiparesis,
right visual field changes, spatial disorientation.
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