Epidemiologic studies show that ____% of adolescents in the United States have evident gingivitis
and signs of gingival bleeding.
82
A (similar/different) or (higher/lower) prevalence of gingivitis for children and adolescents in other
parts of the world has been reported by Albandar et al., 1996.
similar or higher
While ____________________ is the primary etiological factor that causes gingivitis, other factors
may affect the development from gingivitis to periodontitis.
plaque biofilm
The main important factor is the role of the ______________ in the development and progression of
the disease and the degree of gingival inflammation (Trombelli et al., 2004).
host response
The sequence of events that lead to apparent gingivitis is categorized as the stages of disease into:
initial, early, established
Periodontitis designated as the advanced stage of ________________
gingivitis
It is possible to definitively distinguish between normal gingival tissue and the initial stage of
gingivitis. T/F
False, not possible
STAGE I GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE INITIAL LESION
The first manifestations are
, vascular changes that consist of dilated capillaries and increased blood flow.
STAGE I GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE INITIAL LESION
These initial inflammatory changes occur in response to the microbial activation of
resident_______________ and the subsequent stimulation of _________________cells.
leukocytes, endothelial
STAGE I GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE INITIAL LESION
Clinically, this initial response of the gingiva to bacterial plaque (i.e., subclinical gingivitis)(is/ is not)
apparent.
is not
STAGE I GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE INITIAL LESION
The ___________ and ____________ of the host response determine whether the initial lesion
resolves rapidly, with tissue returning to healthy state; or, evolve to a chronic inflammatory lesion.
quality and intensity
STAGE II GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE EARLY LESION
The early lesion evolves from the initial lesion within about___________ after the beginning of
plaque accumulation.
1 week
STAGE II GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE EARLY LESION
Clinically, the early lesion may appear as early gingivitis, and it overlaps the initial lesion with no
_______________________
clear-cut dividing line.
STAGE II GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE EARLY LESION
As time goes on, clinical signs of __________________ may appear, mainly because of the
______________________________
erythema, proliferation of capillaries
STAGE II GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE EARLY LESION
________________ on probing may also be evident.
Bleeding
STAGE II GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION: THE EARLY LESION
Gingival fluid flow and the numbers of leukocytes reach their maximum between
___________________ after the onset of clinical gingivitis.
6 and 12 days
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