Treatment of Cardiac, Valvular, and Vascular Insufficiency, and Trauma
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Course
Nursing
Institution
Nursing
1. Which of the following is a common symptom of heart failure?
A) Bradycardia
B) Hypertension
C) Dyspnea on exertion
D) Increased appetite
Answer: C) Dyspnea on exertion
Rationale: Dyspnea on exertion is a classic symptom of heart failure due to fluid overload and decreased cardiac output.
...
1. Which of the following is a common symptom of heart failure?
A) Bradycardia
B) Hypertension
C) Dyspnea on exertion
D) Increased appetite
Answer: C) Dyspnea on exertion
Rationale: Dyspnea on exertion is a classic symptom of heart failure due to fluid overload and
decreased cardiac output.
2. A patient with aortic stenosis is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?
A) Hypertension
B) Syncope
C) Hyperactivity
D) Weight loss
Answer: B) Syncope
Rationale: Syncope can occur in aortic stenosis due to decreased cerebral perfusion during
exertion.
3. Which medication is often prescribed for a patient with valvular insufficiency to manage
symptoms of heart failure?
A) Aspirin
B) Furosemide
C) Atorvastatin
D) Digoxin
Answer: B) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide is a diuretic used to reduce fluid overload in heart failure.
4. A patient presents with a swollen leg and pain. What is the priority nursing assessment?
A) Evaluate for pulses
B) Assess for temperature changes
,C) Check for capillary refill
D) Measure the circumference of both legs
Answer: A) Evaluate for pulses
Rationale: Assessing pulses is crucial to determine blood flow and potential vascular
insufficiency.
5. Which condition is characterized by the bulging of an arterial wall?
A) Aneurysm
B) Thrombosis
C) Embolism
D) Arteriovenous fistula
Answer: A) Aneurysm
Rationale: An aneurysm is a localized dilation of an artery caused by weakening of the arterial
wall.
6. What is the primary goal of treatment for a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A) To promote ambulation
B) To prevent pulmonary embolism
C) To relieve pain
D) To decrease swelling
Answer: B) To prevent pulmonary embolism
Rationale: The most critical concern with DVT is the potential for a thrombus to dislodge and
cause a pulmonary embolism.
7. Which lab finding would indicate the presence of heart failure?
A) Low BNP levels
B) Elevated creatinine
C) High B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
D) Normal electrolyte levels
Answer: C) High B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Rationale: Elevated BNP levels are indicative of heart failure and reflect cardiac strain.
, 8. A patient with a history of myocardial infarction presents with chest pain and is
diaphoretic. What should the nurse assess first?
A) Blood pressure
B) Respiratory rate
C) Pain level
D) Heart rate
Answer: A) Blood pressure
Rationale: Assessing blood pressure is crucial to evaluate the hemodynamic status of a patient
with potential acute coronary syndrome.
9. When caring for a patient with aortic regurgitation, which position may be most
beneficial?
A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Left lateral
D) Sitting up and leaning forward
Answer: D) Sitting up and leaning forward
Rationale: This position can help reduce the workload on the heart and improve comfort.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient about lifestyle changes to manage hypertension. Which
statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will reduce my sodium intake."
B) "I can continue to smoke as long as I take my medications."
C) "I will exercise regularly."
D) "I should limit my alcohol consumption."
Answer: B) "I can continue to smoke as long as I take my medications."
Rationale: Smoking cessation is critical in managing hypertension and overall cardiovascular
health.
11. A patient arrives in the emergency department with traumatic chest injury. What is the
nurse’s priority assessment?
A) Abdominal assessment
B) Airway patency
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