losses may result from the disposition of an asset because of the -
ANSWER capital recovery concept
the deductibility of losses is a matter of - ANSWER legislative grace
the deductibility of losses is based on the - ANSWER ability-to-pay
concept
T/F: in most cases, business losses are not deductible - ANSWER false
annual (activity) losses - ANSWER result when an entity's deductions
for the period exceed its income
transaction losses - ANSWER result from the disposition of an asset
annual losses: net operating losses (NOL) - ANSWER annual loss
incurred in a trade or business in which the taxpayer materially
participates
NOL results from - ANSWER excess of allowable deductions over
income for the accounting period
NOL: incurred in trade or business operations are caused by _____ and
may not be caused by _____ - ANSWER business expenses;
investment or personal expenses
treatment of NOL - ANSWER carryover system allows losses incurred
in one year to be deducted against income in other years
tax shelters - ANSWER activities designed to minimize the effect of tax
on wealth accumulation
, when you have a tax shelter, - ANSWER dominant business purpose is
lacking, primary motivation is tax reduction, and are often vehicles for
tax law abuse
T/F: at-risk rules disallow the deduction of artificial losses - ANSWER
true
passive activity loss rules - ANSWER disallow the deduction of passive
activity losses from other forms of income
passive activity - ANSWER any trade or business in which the taxpayer
does not materially participate
passive activity loss - material participation - ANSWER must meet 1
test to be active participant
active activity examples - ANSWER working interest in oil and gas and
real estate professional exception
three classifications for passive activity losses - ANSWER portfolio
income, active income, and passive income
portfolio income - ANSWER unearned income derived from holding
investments
active income - ANSWER earned income
passive income - ANSWER earned or unearned income from a trade or
business in which a taxpayer does not materially participate
taxpayers subject to the passive limitations - ANSWER all non-
corporate taxable entities and conduit entity passive losses flow-through
to owners
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