Schwann - answer-Created the cell theory that all organisms are made up of cells
Camillo Golgi - answer-invented the Golgi stain, which shows individual neurons. Decided that the brain was an exception to Schwann theory and thought the cells were all connected
Santiago Ramon y Cajal - answer-...
Neuroscience 2201 Test #1
Schwann - answer-Created the cell theory that all organisms are made up of cells
Camillo Golgi - answer-invented the Golgi stain, which shows individual neurons. Decided that
the brain was an exception to Schwann theory and thought the cells were all connected
Santiago Ramon y Cajal - answer-Artist that drew every bit of the brain using the Golgi stain and
decided that cells WEREN'T in continuity and that there was a discreet separation between
neurons
Neuron Doctrine - answer-Doctrine theorized by Cajal that said that neurons had gaps in
between them
Fixation - answer-method of seeing cells that hardens brain using aldehydes
Slicing - answer-Uses a microtome to cut it
Staining - answer-Stains cells to make parts appear. Golgi stain uses silver dichromate and
shows everything including dendrites. Nissl stain shows just the cell body
Micron - answer-1/1000 of a millimeter
Nanometer - answer-10^-9 of a millimeter
Neuronal membrane - answer-plasma membrane made up of lipids and phosphate groups
called phospholipids
46 - answer-How many chromosomes per cell?
Gene expression - answer-What makes different cells do different things?
soma, parikaryon - answer-2 other ways to say cell body
Ribosomes - answer-objects specializing in translation of proteins
Nucleolus - answer-Makes ribosomes and exports them to meet mRNA in the soma
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - answer-organelle specializing in protein production
Polyribosome - answer-multiple ribosomes on the same transcript
Smooth ER - answer-organelle that splits and folds proteins made in the rough ER
Golgi apparatus - answer-packs membrane bound proteins and ships them
Mitochondrion - answer-Takes in pyruvic acid and in the presence of oxygen, creates adenine
triphosphate which supplies you with energy
Cytoskeleton - answer-structure that gives cells their shape
, Microtubule - answer-Part of cytoskeleton that runs down axons and transport occurs along it. It
is regulated by polymerization and de-polymerization
Neurofilament - answer-Part of cytoskeleton that is thin as hair and unregulated
Microfilament - answer-Part of cytoskeleton that is actin
Neurites - answer-processes (axons and dendrites) that extend from the extend from the soma
Axon collaterals - answer-Branches of an axon at right angles
Axon hillock - answer-The beginning of the axon where the nerve impulse begins
Axon terminal - answer-Contains synaptic vesicles packed with neurotransmitters and lots of
mitochondria
Synapse - answer-extracellular space between two neurons
Proteins - answer-receptors are...
Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar - answer-classifications of neurons based on the number of neurites
pyramidal, stellate - answer-classification of neurons based on the patterns of their dendrites
sensory, motor, interneuron - answer-classification of neurons based on their connections
Golgi type I and Golgi type II - answer-classification of neurons based on their axon length
Cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, etc - answer-Classification of neurons based on their
neurotransmitter
Astrocytes - answer-glia that fill in spaces, support neurons, adjust potassium balances, and
form most common malignant tumors
myelinating glia - answer-oligodendroglia (brain and spinal cord) and Schwann cells (PNS, help
regenerate cut neurons because conducive to growth)
Multiple sclerosis - answer-disease of oligodendroglia- patches in brain demyelinate and axons
can't conduct at normal speeds so it's as if those neurons just don't exist
neurons - answer-cells that sense stimuli, communicate to other neurons and command the
body's responses to stimuli
glial cells - answer-cells that insulate, support, and nourish neurons
cytoarchitecture - answer-arrangement of neurons in different parts of the brain
organelles - answer-membrane enclosed structures in the soma
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