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CCRN REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+ what part of the brain in the primary control of ventilation

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CCRN REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+ what part of the brain in the primary control of ventilation CCRN REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+ what part of the brain in the primary control of ventilation

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ccrn real exam questions and correct answers 2024

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CCRN REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2024-2025 LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+
what part of the brain in the primary control of ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER-brain stem

-senses blood pH

-decrease in pH--> ventilation is stimulated (increases RR and depth of breathing)

Peripheral control of ventilation is Pa02. Where is Pa02 senses? - CORRECT ANSWER-aortic arch

-decreased Pa02 = hypoxemia

-decreased Pa02--> ventilation is stimulated

why do chronic PaC02 retainers rely on mild hypoxemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-for ventilator drive

-if Pa02 is corrected to normal, this will result in a decreased drive to breathe

what is the clinical indicator of ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-PaC02 (NOT Pa02)

What is minute ventilation? What is the normal? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tidal volume x Respiratory Rate

~4L/minute

An increase in minute ventilation causes - CORRECT ANSWER-an increase in work of breathing

What is the primary muscle of ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-diaphragm

anything that affects the health of the diaphragm (deconditioning, hypoxemia, acidosis,
hypophosphatemia) will affect ventilation

what is the position for optimal ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Upright sitting

-supine is NOT good for ventilation

what causes alveolar dead space? - CORRECT ANSWER-PE, non-perfused alveoli

,-no gas exchange, no blood flow to the alveoli past the area of the blood clot

what is pulmonary perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER--movement of blood past alveoli through pulmonary
capillaries

what causes decreased pulmonary perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-any decrease in blood flow past the
alveoli

-PE

-low cardiac output

"good" lung up or down? - CORRECT ANSWER-"good" lung down

-gravity increases pulmonary perfusion

what is an example of a respiratory pathological shunt? –

CORRECT ANSWER-ARDS- movement of blood from the right side of the heart to the left side of the
heart without getting oxygenates; venous blood moves to the arterial side. **refractory hypoxemia**

what is the treatment for a respiratory pathological shunt? - CORRECT ANSWER-oxygen and PEEP

how does PEEP help? - CORRECT ANSWER--prevents expiratory pressure from returning to zero

-decreases surface tension of alveoli; preventing atelectasis

-extends time of gas transfer

At the cellular level, sufficient oxygen is needed for the production of - CORRECT ANSWER-ATP

-which is needed for cell energy and life

-aerobic metabolism

without sufficient oxygen at the cellular level, what is produced? - CORRECT ANSWER-lactic acid

-which is evidence of anaerobic metabolism, organ failure, cell death

,what can effect oxygenation that is not related to ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER--severe anemia

-low cardiac output

-inability to utilize oxygen ex. sepsis (lactate acidosis)

what conditions cause a shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? (hemoglobin holds on
to oxygen molecules) - CORRECT ANSWER--alkalosis

-low PaC02

-hypothermia

low 2, 3-DPG

does hemoglobin hold or to or release oxygen molecules when there is a left shift of oxyhemoglobin
dissociation - CORRECT ANSWER-hold on to molecules

does hemoglobin hold or to or release oxygen molecules when there is a right shift of oxyhemoglobin
dissociation - CORRECT ANSWER-release oxygen more easily into the tissues

what conditions cause a shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? (hemoglobin
releases oxygen molecules) - CORRECT ANSWER--acidosis

-high PaC02

-fever

-high 2,3-DPG

is a left shift of oxyhemoglobin dissociation good or bad for the tissues - CORRECT ANSWER-bad for the
tissues

hemoglobin holds on to oxygen

is a right shift of oxyhemoglobin good or bad for the tissues - CORRECT ANSWER-good for the tissues

Sa02 is low but 02 is easily released to the tissues

what is 2, 3-DPG - CORRECT ANSWER-2, 3- diphosphoglycerate

, organic phosphate found in RBC that has the ability to alter the affinity of hgb for oxygen

where is 2, 3-DPG found - CORRECT ANSWER-in the RBC

what causes decreased 2, 3-DPG - CORRECT ANSWER--multiple blood transfusion

-hypothyroid

-hypophosphatemia

**hemoglobin holds onto O2 resulting in less 02 available to tissues**

what increases 2, 3-DPG - CORRECT ANSWER--chronic hypoxemia

-anemia

-high altitudes

-chronic HF

-hyperthroid

**hemoglobin more readily releases 02 resulting in more 02 available to tissues)

carbon monoxide has a high or lower affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER-high
affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen

--do NOT measure CO poisoning with pulse ox

how do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER-100% Fi02 (despite what the pulse ox
reads)

severe cases- hyperbaric oxygen chamber

what is static complaince - CORRECT ANSWER-measurement of elastic properties of the LUNG

-a decrease in compliance increases resistance or stiffness

how will plateau pressures affect static lung compliance - CORRECT ANSWER-an increase in plateau
pressures will decrease static lung compliance

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Exam (elaborations)

CCRN REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+ what part of the brain in the primary control of ventilation

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