Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions and Answers
.acetaminophen and alcohol – Answer-alcohol increases metabolic
formation of active metabolite, leading to easier therapy but increased
hepatotoxicity
.adrenergic stimulation – Answer-increased HR/contractility, peripheral
resistance/BP, bronchodilation, pupillary dilation/mydriasis, urinary
retention, and sweating
.alpha 1 antagonists and epinephrine – Answer-epi nomally binds a1 and
b2, but an a1 antagonst (-zosin) will block epi-receptor binding there and
not at b2, causing ONLY vasodilation (b2) with no vasocontriction (a1) thus
decreasing the pulse
.alpha1 antagonism – Answer-vasodilation, examples of drugs all end in *-
osin*
.Alpha1 receptors – Answer-found in all blood vessels, vasoconstriction
.alpha1 stimulation – Answer-peripheral vascular SMOOTH muscle,
vasoconstriction, phenylephrine (nasal decongestant) and methoxamine
for hypotension are specific for A1
.alpha2 stimulation – Answer-reduces outflow of NE, clonidine,
methyldopa, guanfacine, used for hypertension, ADHD, and drug
withdrawal
.anticholinergic drugs – Answer-antimuscarinic, neuromuscular jxn
blockers, and ganglionic blocking drugs
, .antimuscarinic DDIs – Answer-antihistamines, MAO inhibitors, and Tricyclic
antidepressants (all work by anticholinergic activity), these will potentiate
the action
.antimuscarinic drug effects – Answer-decreased salivation, lacrimation,
urination, defecation, GI mobility, and bronchial constrictions, increased
HR due to block of vagal reflex, pupillary dilation (mydriasis), drowsiness,
hallucinations (dry as a bone, hot as hell, red as a beet, blind as a bat,
mad as a hatter)
.antimuscarinic drugs – Answer-atropine and scopolamine, act as
competitive receptor blockers a postganglionic postsynaptic muscarinic
receptor sites
.aricept – Answer-a cholinesterase inhibitor drug used to prolong the half
life of acetylecholine giving the transmitter a better ability to stimulate
.atenolol and metoprolol – Answer-selctive B1 blockers, decrease BP
without bronchoconstriction, good for hypertension (with diabetes and
asthma, wont hide symptoms), angina, or glaucoma
.Beta2 receptors – Answer-found in the lungs, if stimulated there will be
bronchodilation
.bioavailability – Answer-compares amount of drug that reaches the blood
by non IV routes vs amount of drug that reaches blood by IV (IV (bottom
number) is always 100)
(conc. Of nonIV/conc. Of IV)
Bioavailability formula question will be on exam
.botox – Answer-indirect acting drug, preventing release of Ach, reduces
wrinkles and gives some thereapy by inducing paralysis, can be used
dentally for something like bruxism or esthetically for a gummy smile
