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PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM #1QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Psychology - Answer-The scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior
Where did psychology branch out from? - Answer-Physiology and Philosophy
Structuralism - Answer-Focused on the structure of consciousness and the mind (not
identified with anymore)
2 Structuralists - Answer-Wundt and Titchener
Functionalism - Answer-Focused on the function of the mind in helping people adapt to
their environment (not identified with anymore)
2 Functionalists - Answer-Darwin and James
3 Broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena - Answer-Theoretical
Propositions, Shared Metaphors, Accepted Methods of Observation
Modern Perspectives - Answer-Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Evolutionary
Psychodynamic - Answer-started by Sigmund Freud; case studies, not easy to test or
prove because of small sample size
Behaviorist - Answer-Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner; mental processes are byproducts of
environmental events; experiment
Behaviorist Metaphor - Answer-People are like machines
Cognitive - Answer-Wundt; focuses on how people perceive, process and retrieve
information (Perspective)
Cognitive Metaphor - Answer-Brain like a computer
Evolutionary - Answer-Darwin; behaviors have come about because they helped our
ancestors survive
Evolutionary Metaphor - Answer-runners in a race
Biopsychology - Answer-Physical bases of psychological phenomena (sub-discipline)
Developmental psychology - Answer-How thought, feeling, and behavior develops
through life span
, Social Psychology - Answer-Influence of real or imagined others influence on the
individual
Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answer-Human behavior within an organization
as well as organizational problems (sub-discipline)
Educational Psychology - Answer-Psychological processes in learning environments
(sub-discipline)
Health Psychology - Answer-Psychological factors involved in health and disease
Clinical Psychology - Answer-Nature and treatment of psychological processes leading
to emotional distress
Cognitive Psychology - Answer-Nature of mental process such as thought, memory,
language
Personality Psychology - Answer-Enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior for
types of people or individuals (sub-discipline)
Theory - Answer-Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations
Variable - Answer-changes across circumstance or varies among individuals
Hypothesis - Answer-a tentative belief or guess predicting or explaining the relationship
between 2 or more variables
Continuous Variable - Answer-a variable rated from none to much (amount of variable)
Categorical Variable - Answer-a variable rated in groups or categories (definite answers
like man/woman)
Standardized Procedure - Answer-doing the same thing with each participant in the
same way (e.g. how the procedure is explained)
Population - Answer-the group you want to be able to generalize to
Sample - Answer-the group participating in the experiment
Generalizability - Answer-how much the findings apply to your population
Internal Validity - Answer-the methods are valid
External Validity - Answer-generalizable outside of the lab
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