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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM CHAPTERS 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • Course
  • Psychology
  • Institution
  • Psychology

PSYCHOLOGY EXAM CHAPTERS 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • November 3, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Psychology
  • Psychology
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM CHAPTERS 1 & 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Psychology - Answer-the science of behavior and mental processes

Scientific Attitude - Answer-curiosity, skepticism, humility

William Wundt - Answer-established the first psychology laboratory at the University of
Leipzing, Germany

Structuralism - Answer-early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used
introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Functionalism - Answer-early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by
Darwin ; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the
organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

William James - Answer-studied human, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Behaviorism - Answer-the view that psychology should be an objective science that
studies behavior without reference to mental processes

John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner - Answer-scientific study of observable behavior

Nature Nurture issue - Answer-the longstanding controversy over the relative
contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological
traits and behaviors

Natural selection - Answer-chance inherited traits aiding survival and reproduction are
ones most likely to be passed down

Biopsychosocial approach - Answer-an integrated approach that incorporates biological,
psychological, and sociocultural levels of analysis

Theory - Answer-explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events

The Scientific Method - Answer-testing hypothesis (a testable prediction, often implied
by a theory) and refining theories using
-descriptive methods
-correctional methods
-experimental methods

, Natural observations - Answer-descriptive technique of observing and recording
behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying manipulate and control the
situation

Experimental groups - Answer-exposed to the treatment, that is, the one version of the
independent variable

Control group - Answer-the group not exposed to the treatment, contracts with the
experimental groups and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the
treatment

Independent variable - Answer-the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect
is being studied

Dependent variable - Answer-the outcome that is measured; the variable that may
change when the independent variable is manipulated

Placebo effect - Answer-experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect
on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the
recipient assumes is an active agent

Informed consent - Answer-giving potential participants enough information about a
study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Neurons (nerve cells) - Answer-building blocks of the nervous system

Dentrite - Answer-fibers that receive massages from other cells

Axon - Answer-passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons or to
muscles or glands

Myelin Sheath - Answer-covers the axons of some neurons and helps speed neural
impulses

Glial Cell - Answer-cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect
neurons; they may also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory

Action potential - Answer-a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon

Threshold - Answer-the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

All-or-none response - Answer-a neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength
response) or not firing

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