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PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Basic science - answer-the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomenon for its own
sake
Applied science - answer-discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish
practical goals
Hypothesis - answer-an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through
scientific research
Theory - answer-a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for
scientific study
Physiological needs - answer-having to do with an organism's physical processes
Cognitive needs - answer-having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding
Psychology - answer-the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific
research
4 goals of psychology - answer-describe, predict, explain, influence
Wilhelm wundt - answer-set up the first psychology lab in germany and used
introspection (scientific method)
Introspection - answer-a method of self-observation in which participants report their
thoughts and feelings
Functionalist - answer-a psychologist who studies the function (rather than the
structure) of consciousness
Sir francis galton - answer-wanted to understand how heredity influences a person's
abilities, character, and behavior; concluded that genius or eminence is a hereditary trait
Gestalt principle - answer-the experience that comes from organizing bits and pieces of
information into meaningful wholes
Sigmund freud - answer-studied the unconscious minds and dreams; created free
association (the patient says anything that comes to mind)
Ivan pavlov - answer-behaviorist; the dog experiment
, John b. Watson - answer-behaviorist; "little albert" --believed that psychology should
concern itself only with the observable facts of behavior
B.f. Skinner - answer-introduced the concept of "reinforcement"
Reinforcement - answer-a response to a behavior that increases the likelihood the
behavior will be repeated
Behaviorist - answer-a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their
behavior based on their response to events in the environment
Cognitivist - answer-a psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and
use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior
Abraham maslow - answer-described human nature as evolving and self-directed;
humans are not controlled by events or by unconscious forces; each person is unique
and has a self-concept to develop fully
Dualism - answer-the concept that the mind and body are separate and distinct
Case study - answer-research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or
more participants
Sample - answer-the small group of participants, out of the total number available, that
a researcher studies
Naturalistic observation - answer-research method in which the psychologist observes
the subject in a natural setting without interfering
Survey - answer-research method in which information is obtained by asking many
individuals a fixed set of questions
Longitudinal study - answer-research method in which data is collected about a group of
participant over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or
remain the same during development
Correlation - answer-the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of
data
Double-blind experiment - answer-an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor
the participants know which participants received which treatment
Single-blind experiment - answer-an experiment in which the participants are unaware
of which participants received the treatment
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