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BPK 205 midterm 2 Exam Study Guide Solution

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BPK 205 midterm 2 Exam Study Guide Solutions proprioception - ANSWER-awareness of body movement and position in space special senses processed consciously - ANSWER-- vision - hearing - taste - smell - equilibrium somatic senses processed consciously - ANSWER-- touch - temperature - pain ...

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  • November 3, 2024
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BPK 205 midterm 2 Exam Study Guide

Solutions


proprioception - ANSWER✔✔-awareness of body movement and position in space


special senses processed consciously - ANSWER✔✔-- vision


- hearing


- taste


- smell


- equilibrium


somatic senses processed consciously - ANSWER✔✔-- touch


- temperature


- pain


- itch


- proprioception


somatic stimuli processed subconsciously - ANSWER✔✔-- muscle length and tension


- proprioception


visceral stimuli processed subconsciously - ANSWER✔✔-- blood pressure


- distension of GI tract

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- blood glucose concentration


- internal body temperature


- osmolarity of body fluids


- lung inflation


- pH of CSF


- pH and oxygen content of blood


4 main types of sensory receptors - ANSWER✔✔-- chemoreceptors


- mechanoreceptors


- thermoreceptors


- photoreceptors


adequate stimulus - ANSWER✔✔-the form of energy to which the sensory receptor is most responsive


receptor potential - ANSWER✔✔-- stimulus causes a change in membrane potential of the receptor


- can be depolarization of hyperpolarization


threshold stimulus - ANSWER✔✔-the minimum stimulus needed to generate enough of a receptor

potential to produce an intracellular response


- response can be AP firing or neurotransmitter release


large receptive fields - ANSWER✔✔-- primary receptive fields overlap to form one large secondary

receptive field




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- convergence of primary neurons allow simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the secondary

sensory neuron and initiate an action potential


no two-point discrimination - ANSWER✔✔-two stimuli that fall within the same secondary receptive

field perceived as a single point because only one signal goes to the brain


two-point discrimination - ANSWER✔✔-- two stimuli activate separate pathways to the brain


- the two points are perceived as distinct stimuli


small receptive fields - ANSWER✔✔-- found in more sensitive areas


- fewer neurons converge


- secondary receptive fields are much smaller


perception threshold - ANSWER✔✔-minimum stimulus intensity required for activation of higher

neurons in the sensory pathway and, thus, transmission of the signal to the brain for perception


how are stimulus properties distinguished - ANSWER✔✔-- stimulus modality


- location


- intensity


- duration


stimulus modality determined by - ANSWER✔✔-- sensory receptor that is activated


- area of the brain to which the sensory signal is sent


labeled line coding - ANSWER✔✔-brain always associates the signal from a particular group of receptors

with a specific modality


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olfactory pathway - ANSWER✔✔-- from the nose project through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory

cortex


- does not pass through thalamus


sensory pathways - ANSWER✔✔-- project to the thalamus


- thalamus modifies and relays information to cortical centers


the receptive field - ANSWER✔✔-- all sensory neurons within one receptive field will project sensory info

to the same location in the cerebellum


- sensory input from two adjacent receptive fields will project info to adjacent regions in the cortex


- sensitivity of the region is inversely proportional to the size of the receptive field


location of auditory signals - ANSWER✔✔-- exception to the use of receptive field for localization


- ear neurons sensitive to different frequencies


- brain uses differences in timing to locate sound


lateral inhibition - ANSWER✔✔-enhances contrast between activated receptive fields and inactive

neighbors, which makes a stimulus easier to perceive


stimulus intensity - ANSWER✔✔-coded by number of receptors activated and frequency of action

potentials called frequency coding


- frequency of action potential is proportional to stimulus intensity


stimulus duration - ANSWER✔✔-- coded by duration of action potentials


- some receptors can adapt, or cease to respond


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