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Chemistry 1152 Final Exam Questions and Answers What is the general formula of an alkane? - ANSWER-CnH2n+2 What type of bonds to alkanes have? - ANSWER-Single C-C What type of arrangement do all carbon atoms have? - ANSWER-Tetrahedral What is the IUPAC rule for naming alkanes? - ANSWER-Take th...

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Chemistry 1152 Final Exam Questions and

Answers


What is the general formula of an alkane? - ANSWER✔✔-CnH2n+2


What type of bonds to alkanes have? - ANSWER✔✔-Single C-C


What type of arrangement do all carbon atoms have? - ANSWER✔✔-Tetrahedral


What is the IUPAC rule for naming alkanes? - ANSWER✔✔-Take the prefix and add -ane


ex: methane, butane, hexane


If an "n" is placed in front of an alkane, what does that mean? - ANSWER✔✔-It is normal or linear


How are carbon atoms classified? - ANSWER✔✔-Classified by the number of attached carbon atoms

(primary, secondary, and tertiary)


What is an alkyl group composed of? - ANSWER✔✔-One or more carbon atoms attached to a carbon

chain


How is an alkyl group derived? - ANSWER✔✔-Removing one hydrogen from the corresponding alkane


How is an alkyl group named? - ANSWER✔✔-Replace the -ane ending with -yl


ex: methane becomes methyl


According to the IUPAC system, how are branches listed? - ANSWER✔✔-Alphabetical order




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How are constitutional isomers written? - ANSWER✔✔-Write the continuous chain, remove one CH3,

attach as branch


ex: Butane becomes 2-Methyl Propane


What is a haloalkane? - ANSWER✔✔-An alkane where one or more H atoms are replaced by a halogen

atom


What are simple haloalkanes named? - ANSWER✔✔-Alkyl halides


What are the halogen prefixes? - ANSWER✔✔-fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo


How are substituents named? - ANSWER✔✔-Alphabetical order with the lowest numbering possible


ex: 4-bromo-2-chlorohexane


How do you name with multiple halides? - ANSWER✔✔--If more than one of the same type of halogen is

present, use prefixes di, tri, tetra


-If there are several different halogens, number them and list them in alphabetical order


What is the general formula of cycloalkanes? - ANSWER✔✔-CnH2n


How are cycloalkanes named? - ANSWER✔✔-With the prefix cyclo- in front of the corresponding alkane

name


How do you name cycloalkanes with substituents? - ANSWER✔✔--One substituent is named by placing

the name of the substituent in front of the cycloalkane name


-Two or more substituents are named by numbering the ring in the direction that gives the lower

numbers to the substituents



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What does the rigid ring in a cyclic structure prevent? - ANSWER✔✔-Rotation of substituents bonded to

the ring


A cyclic structure with two substituents has two isomers called what? - ANSWER✔✔-Cis-Trans Isomers


What is a cis isomer? - ANSWER✔✔-Two substituents on the same side of the ring


What is a trans isomer? - ANSWER✔✔-Two substituents on opposite sides of the ring


What is the polarity and solubility of alkanes? - ANSWER✔✔-Nonpolar and insoluble


What are the melting and boiling points of alkanes like? - ANSWER✔✔-Low melting and low boiling

points


Boiling points for alkanes are: - ANSWER✔✔-Lower for branched alkanes and higher for cycloalkanes


Why are alkanes typically not very reactive? - ANSWER✔✔-Strong C-C single bonds


What is the most typical reaction for alkanes and what is produced? - ANSWER✔✔-Combustion: CO2,

H2O, and energy


What are the steps to balancing a combustion equation? - ANSWER✔✔-1. Write the reactants and the

products


2. Balance C


3. Balance H


4. Balance O with O2


What is halogenation? - ANSWER✔✔-When an alkane reacts with a halogen


What is it called when one or more H atoms is replaced with a halogen? - ANSWER✔✔-Substitution

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What are saturated hydrocarbons? - ANSWER✔✔--Carbons that have the maximum number of hydrogen

atoms attached to each carbon atoms


-Alkanes and cycloalkanes with single C-C bonds


What are unsaturated hydrocarbons? - ANSWER✔✔--Carbons that have fewer hydrogen atoms attached

to the carbon chain than alkanes


-Are Alkenes with double bonds or alkynes with triple bonds


How do you name alkenes and alkynes? - ANSWER✔✔-Replace the -ane ending with -ene for alkenes

and -yne for alkynes


When a carbon chain has 4 or more carbons and a double to triple bond, how is it numbered? -

ANSWER✔✔-Give the lowest number to the double or triple bond


How do you name cis-trans isomers? - ANSWER✔✔-The prefixes cis or trans are placed in front of the

alkene name when there are cis-trans isomers


In an addition reaction, where are the reactants added? - ANSWER✔✔-To the carbon atoms in the

double or triple bond, making them disappear


What is hydrogenation? - ANSWER✔✔-A reaction where hydrogen atoms add to the carbon atoms of a

double or triple bond


What are some catalysts used in hydrogenation? - ANSWER✔✔-Pt or Ni


How do you test for double or triple bonds? - ANSWER✔✔-Add Br2, if the red color remains, there is

only single bonds because no reaction occurs




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