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COHNS HIGHLIGHTS EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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COHNS HIGHLIGHTS EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Incident rate - ANSWER-# of newly occurring cases per person-time unit Case studies (series) - ANSWER-Identification or reporting of a group of cases; not a true epi study Cross sectional study - ANSWER-Survey to determine PREVALENCE of disea...

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  • November 3, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • cohns highlights exam practice questions and answe

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Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024




COHNS HIGHLIGHTS EXAM PRACTICE

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


Incident rate - ANSWER✔✔-# of newly occurring cases per person-time unit


Case studies (series) - ANSWER✔✔-Identification or reporting of a group of cases; not a true epi study


Cross sectional study - ANSWER✔✔-Survey to determine PREVALENCE of disease or exposure at the

same point in time; SELECTION BIAS IF ILL INDIV ARE GONE. Another shortcoming is that it can only show

association between exposure and disease: did the disease precede exposure or vice versa? Health

status of those who left work?


Amputation PPE - ANSWER✔✔-Recommended gloves mask eye protection


Work practice control definition - ANSWER✔✔-Reduce likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in

which a task is performed (not to be associated with engineering controls)


Compute range of sample distribution - ANSWER✔✔-


Cohort study (longitudinal or follow up study) - ANSWER✔✔-Exposed and nonexposed groups followed

over time to determine who develops the disease; MOST direct eval of health and disease patterns;

MEASURES RISKS AND EXPENSIVE


Case control study - ANSWER✔✔-Comparison of exposure among individuals with disease (cases) and

others without disease (controls); retrospect or case referent eval done to determine who was ir wasnt

exposed; LESS EXPENSIVE AND RECALL BIAS FOR THOSE EXPOSED



Copyright ©Stuvia International BV 2010-2024 Page 1/16

,Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024


Environmental effects of heavy metal contaminants - ANSWER✔✔-Ex: Pb, Cd


Accumulate in subsoil


Toxic accumulation in veggies, fruits, pica activity, leaching into drinking water


Body burdens of Pb and Cd - ANSWER✔✔-Lead induced porphyria (skin and nervous system), aplastic

anemia (bone marrow toxicity) neuro (lowered IQ and attention deficit)


Regulatory principles for limiting potential health threatening exposures - ANSWER✔✔-AGIH, OSHA:

permissible work place exposures


DOT, EPA, OSHA and state agencies: enable statutes and regs to establish workplaces to be free of

potentially hazardous exposures to toxic substances


OSHA PEL - ANSWER✔✔-Highest permissible level in 8hr work day


NIOSH TLV - ANSWER✔✔-Maximal avg encountered value that can be safely experienced in 8hr day;

usually SAME OR LOWER THAN PEL


OSHA STEL - ANSWER✔✔-Max permissible exposure in a 15min time period (short term)


NOEL (no observable effect level) - ANSWER✔✔-Exposure level in humans not expected to produce

adverse effects; extrapolated safety factor of 10 from animal data


IDLH - ANSWER✔✔-Immediate danger to life or health


LOEL (lowest observable effect level) - ANSWER✔✔-Lowest level of exposure capable of producing a

detectable effect


HBEL (health based exposure level) - ANSWER✔✔-Exposure level pegged to conditions necessary to

ensure the maintenance of well-being

Copyright ©Stuvia International BV 2010-2024 Page 2/16

, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024


Alice Hamilton - ANSWER✔✔-1869-1970, pioneering physician who first delved into the problems of Occ

disease in 1908 when IL governor asked her to investigate industrial disease (phosphorus in matches,

decreased lead, mercury, benzene, CO, CO2)


Clean Air Act 1970 & Clean water Act 1972 - ANSWER✔✔-Congress set standards for airborne emissions

and air pollutants and industrial effluents and drinking water


Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA 1976) & Comprehensive environmental response,

Compensation liability act (CERCLA 1980) - ANSWER✔✔-"Superfund Act", 2 main federal laws that deal

with land disposal practices and clean up.


ATSDR (agency for toxic substances and disease registry) - ANSWER✔✔-Came from CERCLA, to prevent

and mitigate adverse human health effects from environmental hazards. NIOSH and ATSDR take active

roles in educational efforts for medical and public health professionals


Solvents - ANSWER✔✔-Organic compounds that are effective in dissolving other substances. Exists as

liquid and gas (i.e. gas, pain thinner). Many are ORGANIC HYDROCARBONS which are LIPOPHILIC. As a

result, the most common s/s of toxicity involve the SKIN, LIVER and PNS/CNS. Local mechanical

ventilation is a highly effective method of controlling solvent vapors.


Solvent Hazard Jobs - ANSWER✔✔-Painting, Printing, Carpet and tile laying, Furniture assembly or

refinishing, Dry cleaning, Maintenance, Manufacturing or assembly jobs and Vehicle/ship and machine

repair


Solvent Exposure: Toulene, Xylene, jet fuel, naphtha - ANSWER✔✔-System: CNS, Manifestation: memory

loss, confusion, fatigue, chronic headache, difficulty concentrating




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