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ANBI 139 Final Test With Complete Solution
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ANBI 139 Final Test WithComplete Solution
Describe some early forms of human biowarfare: - Answer Catapulting corpses of
plague victims into besieged cities, dipping arrows in dead things...
Mention four major infectious diseases that the Spanish brought to the Americas -
Answer Smallpox, measles, Influenza, typhus, malaria
What was the Columbian Exchange? - Answer An exchange of species between Europe
and the Americas involving countless crops, animals and diseases.
How did the genetics of Native American put them at a disadvantage in the
face of newly imported infections? - Answer The Native American gene pool was limited
due to bottlenecks associated with the settlement of the continents.
What aspect of an infectious pathogen most determines if it will lead to an epidemic? -
Answer R0 or R naught, the number of people that each infected person will infect on
average.
What fraction of the native American population perished from European diseases? -
Answer 60 to 90 %
Which part of the world was known as White Man's Grave - Answer West Africa.
Which important medicine allowed white men to survive in West Africa - Answer Jesuit
bark or Quinine
What are the arguments for and against opium as a bioweapon? - Answer Opium itself
doesn't kill or maim, but the drug exploits the strong tendency of most humans to get
strongly addicted to its consumption.
What is opium and how is it produced? - Answer : A strongly addictive drug produced
from the milky sap of the poppy flower seed pod
Give an example of a current Opium War. - Answer Afghanistan or Mexico producing
opium for export
Name two important disease that were brought to the America with the slave trade -
Answer Falciparum Malaria and Yellow fever.
How did freed Haitian rebels weaponize mosquitoes against French troops? - Answer
They let new arrivals camp in low-lying swamps for several weeks, before attacking
them once they got malaria or yellow fever.
What is the Geneva Protocol of 1925? - Answer An international agreement banning the
, use of chemical and bacteriological weapons.
Which country tested and utilized bioweapons during world war II? - Answer Imperial
Japan
Can you name a religious group that used bioweapons? - Answer The Rajneeshee
movement in Oregon
Why are there so many zoonotic viruses with African origin? - Answer Human are
African primates which makes our species especially susceptible to African primate
viruses.
What is the difference between hominid and hominin? - Answer Hominids include all
other apes, hominin only living humans and extinct bipedal relatives.
Which body part figures prominently in the taxonomy of primates? - Answer The nose.
What do nodes in a phylogeny stand for? - Answer Hypothetical common ancestors.
How could a macaque virus (SV40) have ended up in the body of millions of American
people? - Answer Inadvertent contamination of polio vaccines produced in primary
macaque kidney cells.
Why can polio virus infection result in paralysis? - Answer The immune response to
infection causes nerve damage.
Why does ZIKA virus cause microcephaly? - Answer The virus kills brain precursor cells
in the fetus.
What is surprising about a macaque in an African rain forest? - Answer The only
macaques in Africa live in Norther Africa (Barbary macaques), all other macaques are
Asian
What are the indictions that ZIKA virus entered a novel sylvatic cycle in South America?
- Answer Wild South American monkeys have been found to be infected.
What are the three most important genera of disease transmitting mosquitoes? - Answer
Culex, Aedes, Anopheles.
What is especially troublesome about Aedes albopictus (tiger mosquito) - Answer These
mosquitos fly very fast and bite during the day
How could World War II in South Asia have helped spread Dengue? - Answer Massive
movement of soldiers who were camping out and island hopping resulted in transfer of
dengue into many new habitats
What is a sylvatic cycle? - Answer Infectious cycle taking place in forests (often at
elevation of the forest canopy, where monkeys spend most of the time)..
Which African primate virus can be stopped by an existing vaccine? - Answer Yellow
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