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PHMY 610 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PHMY 610 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGYFINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MacConkey Agar use?
Selectively grows gram-negative bacteria
Differentiates based on lactose metabolism (pink = lactose fermenting; colorless
= non-lactose fermenting)
common lactose fermenters?
E. coli
Klebsiella spp.
Enterobacter spp.
Cyanobacteria spp.
common non-lactose fermenters?
salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Serratia spp.
Proteus spp.
Indole test purpose?
detects ability of bacteria to metabolize tryptophan (positive = blue)
Indole positive bacteria?
E. coli
Klebiella oxytoca
Indole negative bacteria?
Enterobacter cloacae
Klebsiella aerogenes
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Citrobacter freundi
,Oxidase test purpose?
detects bacteria that produce cytochrome c oxidase using tetramethyl-p-
phenylenediamine (positive = blue)
Common oxidase positive?
Pseudomonas spp.
Vibrio spp.
Aeromonas spp.
Moraxella spp.
Common oxidase negative?
Salmonella spp.
Acinetobacter spp.
Shigella spp.
Proteus spp.
Providencia spp.
Serratia spp.
Morganella spp.
Enterobacterales virulence factors?
Endotoxins - on LPS in outer membrane
Capsule - interferes with binding of antibodies to bacteria
Antimicrobial Resistance - Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)
Enterobacterales sites of infection?
CNS (meningitis)
Intra-abdominal
Urinary tract
Mouth
Respiratory tract
Skin/Soft tissue
Escherichia Coli (E. coli) is #1 cause of _____________
UTIs
Strains of E. coli that cause gastroenteritis?
, Small Intestine:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) = travelers diarrhea
Enteropathogenic (EPEC) = infant diarrhea
Enteroaggregative (EAEC) = infant diarrhea and travelers diarrhea
Large: Intestine:
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC) = bloody diarrhea (O157:H7)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC) = rare (similar to shigella)
Another clinical syndrome of E. coli that results from untreated infections in
urinary or GI tract and has high mortality?
Bacteremia/sepsis
E. coli Antimicrobial Resistance
beta-lactamase resistance
Klebsiella spp. clinical species by indole status?
Indole (-) = K. pneumoniae and K. aerogenes
Indole (+) = K. oxytoca
Klebsiella spp. associated infections?
Pneumonia, UTIs, wound/soft tissue infections
Enterobacter spp. associated infections? (E. cloacae)
Hospital-acquired infections, pneumonia, UTIs, wound infections
Citrobacter spp. associated infections?
Hospital acquired infections (UTIs, wounds), infections in IC patients, neonates
(meningitis, brain abscesses)
Serratia spp. associated infections?
pneumonia, bacteremia, endocarditis
Resistance mechanisms of enterobacter, citrobacter, and serratia
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