Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2024/2025 | Already Passed
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Course
Advanced pharmacology
Institution
Advanced Pharmacology
Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1
Questions and Answers | Latest Version
| 2024/2025 | Already Passed
What are the key considerations when prescribing antibiotics for bacterial infections?
Prescribing antibiotics requires identifying the specific bacteria involved, considering
potential resista...
Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1
Questions and Answers | Latest Version
| 2024/2025 | Already Passed
What are the key considerations when prescribing antibiotics for bacterial infections?
✔✔Prescribing antibiotics requires identifying the specific bacteria involved, considering
potential resistance patterns, and tailoring the antibiotic choice to the infection site and patient
health factors.
How do beta-blockers help in the management of hypertension?
✔✔Beta-blockers lower blood pressure by slowing down the heart rate and reducing the force of
contraction, which decreases overall blood volume flow and pressure.
What factors increase the risk of adverse reactions with NSAIDs?
✔✔Factors include pre-existing gastrointestinal conditions, concurrent anticoagulant use, and
long-term or high-dose NSAID usage, as these can elevate risks of GI bleeding and
cardiovascular events.
What is the primary mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
1
,✔✔PPIs inhibit the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in stomach lining cells, effectively
reducing stomach acid production and alleviating acid-related disorders.
Why should certain antibiotics be avoided in pregnant patients?
✔✔Some antibiotics, like tetracyclines, can cross the placenta and affect fetal development,
potentially causing birth defects or impairing bone growth in the fetus.
How does renal function influence drug dosing?
✔✔Renal function affects how drugs are excreted from the body; impaired kidneys require lower
doses or alternative medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity.
Why is it important to taper corticosteroids instead of stopping abruptly?
✔✔Abrupt cessation of corticosteroids can lead to adrenal insufficiency because the body needs
time to resume normal cortisol production after prolonged external corticosteroid use.
What role do diuretics play in heart failure management?
✔✔Diuretics help reduce fluid buildup, which decreases the workload on the heart and alleviates
symptoms like swelling and shortness of breath.
2
,How does age impact pharmacokinetics in elderly patients?
✔✔Aging affects drug metabolism, absorption, and excretion, often necessitating dose
adjustments to prevent adverse effects and ensure therapeutic efficacy.
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in treating hypertension?
✔✔ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to
vasodilation and lower blood pressure.
Why should patients avoid grapefruit juice with certain medications?
✔✔Grapefruit juice can inhibit enzymes that metabolize certain drugs, leading to higher drug
concentrations and increased risk of toxicity.
How does liver impairment affect drug metabolism?
✔✔Liver impairment reduces the metabolism of many drugs, leading to higher plasma levels and
increased risk of adverse effects, often requiring dose adjustments.
What are the indications for using statins?
✔✔Statins are indicated for lowering high cholesterol levels, especially in patients at risk for
cardiovascular disease, by reducing LDL cholesterol and stabilizing plaque in blood vessels.
3
, What is the primary concern with opioid analgesics in pain management?
✔✔Opioids have a high potential for dependency and tolerance, and their use must be carefully
managed to avoid addiction and overdose risks.
What considerations are essential for selecting anticoagulant therapy?
✔✔Selecting anticoagulant therapy requires assessing patient risk factors for clotting versus
bleeding, as well as interactions with other medications and conditions.
What are some common side effects of SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)?
✔✔Common side effects of SSRIs include nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and weight
changes.
How does metformin work to lower blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes?
✔✔Metformin reduces glucose production in the liver and improves the body's sensitivity to
insulin, helping to lower blood glucose levels.
Why is therapeutic drug monitoring important for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index?
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