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MBG 4020 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass 1) For selection, what do we do if there is more than one trait 2) Describe value 1 - ANSWER-1) -assign overall value to each trait -combine traits into single EBV 2) aka selection index weight -assign percentages (if (and only if) all trait...

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  • November 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MBG 4020 Final Exam Questions and

Answers 100% Pass


1) For selection, what do we do if there is more than one trait


2) Describe value 1 - ANSWER✔✔-1) -assign overall value to each trait


-combine traits into single EBV


2) aka selection index weight


-assign percentages (if (and only if) all traits have same scale and range)


-adjust for variability and average EBV


Describe assigning selection index weights - ANSWER✔✔--scale by genetic variation


-step one: assign relative emphasis (%)


-step 2: divide by additive genetic standard deviation


-step 3: subtract average EBV from EBV (only if EBVs don't have the default average of 0)


What is the goal with QTL detection? - ANSWER✔✔-to find a polymorphism in the genome that is

associated with a distinct difference in phenotype


-the concept is simple but the execution can get complicated


What are the QTL detection steps? - ANSWER✔✔--find a marker or many markers


-genotype a 'population' for the marker (s)


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-use statistics to associate marker genotypes with differences in phenotypes


-test on another population (if possible)


Describe molecular genetic markers: generating genotypes - ANSWER✔✔--need polymorphisms (alleles)

within the region of the genome that is of interest


-molecular genetic tools used to find these polymorphisms


1) Describe QTL detection-genotyping


2) Elaborate on individual locus genotyping


3) Elaborate on how most QTL are discovered using markers - ANSWER✔✔-1) -individual locus

genotyping


-most QTL are discovered using markers


2) -A and a are now marker alleles at a marker locus


-M and m for marker loci


-Q and q for the QTL


3) -usually an 'unimportant' polymorphism


-normally don't genotype the QTL itself


Describe high density marker panels - ANSWER✔✔--repeat 50,000, 100,000, 500,000 or 1,000,000 times


-photo etch a glass slide, build Velcro tags


-tags to 'grab' matching canine DNA


-grabbed DNA lights up spots=genotype


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Describe 'back in the day': genotyping individuals by PCR - ANSWER✔✔-difference in DNA sequence


-restriction endonuclease cleaves DNA at a specific sequences


-differences coded as alleles


Describe QTL detection - ANSWER✔✔--all methods come down to comparing individuals with MM to

individuals with mm (if the QTL and marker are linked, comparing MM and mm is equivalent to

comparing QQ to qq)


1) What are the main factors affecting QTL detection?


2) Elaborate on inheritance


3) Elaborate on population design - ANSWER✔✔-1) -inheritance


-population design


2) -crosses of divergent lines (look for a multi-modal distribution)


-offspring-parent resemblance (deviation from parent average)


-segregation analysis (expected inheritance using pedigree)


3) -inbred line cross


-outbred population


Describe QTL detection: outbred populations - ANSWER✔✔--selective genotyping


-genotype low and high groups and do a simple association test between phenotype and genotype


-increases likelihood of detection, biases estimate of effect


For QTL detection, use? - ANSWER✔✔-linkage


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If you have multiple markers, and want to predict inheritance of QTL, use? - ANSWER✔✔-recombination

frequency


Describe the marker assisted selection hybrid model - ANSWER✔✔--using the marker genotype to select

individuals with the best linked QTL allele


-the marker genotype assists in the selection of individuals with the best QTL genotype


1) When do we want to use MAS?


2) Why do we want to use MAS? - ANSWER✔✔-1) -traits of low heritability


-sex-limited traits


-traits that require sacrificing the animal (carcass)


-traits expressed later in life


2) increase genetic progress


-intensity


-accuracy (A vs E)


-variation


-time


1) How well does MAS work?


2) Elaborate on results varying


3) Elaborate on increasing efficiency and reducing cost for same response - ANSWER✔✔-1) -results vary


-can increase efficiency and reduce cost for same response


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