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PHAR 100 Module 3: Drugs of abuse Part 2 Practice Questions and Answers
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PHAR 100 Module 3: Drugs of abuse Part 2 Practice Questions and Answers What are Sedative-hypnotics? - ANSWER-CNS depressants -the magnitude of depression at a particular dose determines its effect What are the lowest to highest efficacy of sedative hypnotics? - ANSWER-lowest: Anti-anxiety: us...

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  • November 4, 2024
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PHAR 100 Module 3: Drugs of abuse Part 2

Practice Questions and Answers


What are Sedative-hypnotics? - ANSWER✔✔-CNS depressants


-the magnitude of depression at a particular dose determines its effect


What are the lowest to highest efficacy of sedative hypnotics? - ANSWER✔✔-lowest:


Anti-anxiety: used to treat generalized anxiety disorder/OCD




Sedation: used to relive anxiety, calm the individual




Hypnosis (sleep): used to produce drowsiness




General anesthesia: used to induce unconsciousness with an absence of pain


What interaction between sedative hypnotics and CNS depressants can be dangerous? - ANSWER✔✔-

alcohol and antihistamines


How do sedative hypnotics control CNS excitation? - ANSWER✔✔--decrease glutamate induced nerve

firing


-glutamate is excitatory


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-this depresses overall brain activity


-can be done by increasing inhibitory signalling in the brain




sedative hypnotics increase firing from GABA neurons (inhibitory) which results in decreased glutamate

nerve firing


What is a drug class? - ANSWER✔✔-a class of drugs that have the same mechanism of action and

pharmacological properties


How does GABA signalling work? - ANSWER✔✔--primary inhibitory NT in the CNS


-causes inhibition by binding to and opening chloride channels hyper polarizing the neuron making it

harder to fire


How do most sedative hypnotics work? - ANSWER✔✔-binding to the chloride channel in the brain and

spinal cord (but they all act on different parts of the chloride channel)


How many canadians use benzodiazepines ? - ANSWER✔✔-10% of Canadians use a benzodiazepine at

least once a year


What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines? - ANSWER✔✔--activates the benzodiazepine

receptor


-makes the chloride ion channel open more frequently


What are routes of administration for benzodiazepines? - ANSWER✔✔-usually taken as a capsule or

tablet


-sometimes IV


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How lethal are benzodiazepines - ANSWER✔✔--very common for overdose


-wide margin of safety: death from overdose is very rare




overdose:


-rapid IV injection


-mix with alcohol


-ingestion of huge doses


What are the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines ? - ANSWER✔✔--very high therapeutic

index (very safe)


-produce anti anxiety effects


-decrease aggression


-some are good at making you sleep (hypnotics)


-skeletal muscle relaxation (diazepam)


-anti convulsant action (diazepam)


-an antidote exists for overdose (flumazenil)


-produce minimal suppression of REM sleep with hypnotics (flurazepam)


What are the short term effects of benzodiazepines use? (CNS, Lung) - ANSWER✔✔-CNS: relaxation,

calmness, relief from anxiety, drowsiness, fatigue, impairment of thinking/memory




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Lung: respiratory depression (usually for IV injection)




Motor coordination: can affect driving




effects are exaggerated as dose increases


What are the long term effects of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER✔✔-effect can very some are more

sensitive to others




-impaired thinking, poor memory, judgement


-disorientation, incoordination


-slurred speech


what happens to elderly with benzodiazepines ? - ANSWER✔✔--can produce cognitive dysfunction


-should be used with caution


-elderly metabolize benzodiazepines more slowly leading to over-sedation, falls and injury


What happens when pregnant/breastfeeding individuals take benzodiazepines? - ANSWER✔✔--freely

cross the placenta and go to the fetus


-first trimester is associated with a small but significant risk for fetal abnormalities


-drugs are also secreted into the milk, toxic doses for infant


What is the abuse potential for benzodiazepines ? - ANSWER✔✔--low abuse liability


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