Exam (elaborations)
Heart Code BLS 2024 Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 13 pages for the course Heart code at Heart code (Heart Code BLS 2024)
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Heart Code BLS 2024Adult BLS Chain of Survival - answer1. Surveillance, Prevention & Treatment of
prearrest conditions
2. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest & activation of E.R.S
3. Early CPR w/ emphasis of chest compressions
4. Rapid defibrillation
5. Multidisciplinary post-cardiac care
Steps for Scene Safety and Assessment (Check Breathing and Pulse) - answer1.
Assess surrounds for safety
2. Assess victim for responsiveness and breathing (TAP & SHOUT)
*If no response-> Shout for nearby help & Activate ERS
3. Check for breathing by scanning chest and looking for chest rise
4. Check for the carotid pulse via carotid artery
*Note: Steps 3 & 4 should be done simultaneously and only take 5-10 seconds*
5. If you observe no breathing, abnormal breathing (only gasping) and do not definitely
feel a carotid pulse, ensure help is on the way and start chest compressions
What is the technique for feeling for a carotid pulse? - answer*Note: always perform on
the side of the victim that is closest to you
1. Locate the trachea by using 2-3 fingers and the slide fingers into groove just to one
side of trachea to feel/palpate carotid pulse
5 Critical components of chest compressions - answer1. Ensure victim is on flat surface
2. Chest recoil allows blood to flow back to heart, so its important to avoid leaning on
the chest between chest compressions
3. Perform compressions with correct rate and depth (pushing hard & fast)
-Rate: 100-120 per minute
-Depth: Compression at least 2 inches (5cm)
4. Compression-Ventilation Ratio for adults is 30:2
5. Minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds (each time you stop compressions,
blood flow to the heart and brain decreases significantly and once you resume it tales
several compressions to increase blood flow to the heart/brain back to same levels
present before the interruption
What is the purpose of chest compressions? - answerTo pump blood in the heart to rest
of the body!
Incomplete chest recoil is inefficient as it reduces blood flow back to heart
How do you perform chest compressions with the correct rate/speed? - answer1. Place
heel of one hand on center of chest on lower half of breast bone
, 2. Place heel of other hand on top of 1st hand
3. Make sure shoulders are directly over hands with elbows straight
4. When you start compressions, remember to push straight down on breast bone to get
adequate depth (5cm or 2 inc)
5. Push HARD AND FAST!
How do you open the airway of unconscious victim for breaths? - answer1. Use head
tilt-chin lift to open airway (Place 1 hand on forehand and push your palm to tilt head
back)
2. Place fingers under lower jaw
3. Lift jaw to bring the chin forward (purpose of this: to lift victim's tongue away from the
back of throat, relieving possible airway obstruction)
What are the 5 steps on how to use a pocket mask? - answer*Rescuer positioned at
side of victim
1. Place on victim's face, using bridge of the nose as guide for correct position
2. Seal mask against face; use hand closer to the top of victim's head, and place index
and thumb finger along edge of mask, closest to victim's chin
3. Place remaining fingers of your 2nd hang along bony part of victim's lower jaw, near
chin. Open airway using "head tilt chin lift"
4. Press mask down while lifting jaw
5. Deliver/give 2 breathes and deliver each breath over 1 second each; enough to make
victim's chest rise visibly; pause ~1 second between each breathe
How to perform a chin-lift tilt for an adult? - answerPlace 1 hand on forehead and push
with palm
-By lifting jaw to bring chin forward, you lift their tongue away from back of throat,
relieving a possible airway obstruction
One Rescuer Adult BLS Scenario: 5 Steps - answer1. Verify scene safety
2. Check for responsiveness "Are you okay"
-If unresponsive, shout for help. Activate emergency responses system (911) and get
AED or someone else to do so,
3. Look for NO breathing or ONLY GASPING & check for carotid pulse simultaneously
for at least 5 sec, but no more than 10 sec
-If normal breathing AND pulse, MONITOR until emergency responders arrive
-If NO normal breathing, but victim has a pulse, only provide rescue breathing
-If NO normal breathing or just gasping AND NO PULSE, begin CPR immediately
4. If no breathing or only gasping AND no pulse, BEGIN CPR cycle of 30 compressions
& 2 breathes counting aloud for compressions
5. Use AED ASAP. When it arrives check heart rhythm
-Shockable rhythm: Give 1 shock and immediately resume CPR (until prompted by AED
to allow a rhythm check)
-Non-shockable rhythm: Immediately resume CPR for about 2 minutes (until prompted
by AED to allow rhythm check)
*You must "STAND CLEAR" before checks and shock delivery!*
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