Four layers of the GI tract - answer-mucosa, submucosa, muscle, serosa
Which nervous system controls the alimentary canal - answer-Autonomic nervous system
Which nervous system causes increase in digestive activity - answer-parasympathetic nervous system
What does the sympathetic nervous s...
,OMS Ostomy Management Specialist Certification Exam
Alimentary canal - answer-begins in the mouth and ends in the anus
Accessory organs - answer-organs that function to assist with the digestive process are the salivary
glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Four layers of the GI tract - answer-mucosa, submucosa, muscle, serosa
Which nervous system controls the alimentary canal - answer-Autonomic nervous system
Which nervous system causes increase in digestive activity - answer-parasympathetic nervous system
What does the sympathetic nervous system control - answer-sphincter muscles and movement within
the alimentary canal. This also assists with an inhibitory effect that provides the ability to remain
continent by sphincter control
Sphincter at end of esophagus to stomach - answer-LES- Lower esophageal sphincter
Four regions of the stomach - answer-Cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric
Sphincter from stomach to small intestine - answer-pyloric sphincter
First section past esophagus in stomach - answer-Cardia
Area in stomach where food is stored temporarily - answer-Fundus
The main region in the stomach - answer-The body
The area of stomach with large muscle that controls emptying into small intestine - answer-Pyloric
region
What cells secrete pepsinogen? - answer-Chief cells of the stomach
What cells secrete hydrochloric acid in stomach? - answer-Parietal cells
What mixes to form Pepsin in the stomach? - answer-Pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid
How much gastic fluid is produced by the stomach daily? - answer-2-3L
Measurements of small intestines - answer-18-20 feet, 2.5 cm in diameter
Majority of what occurs in small intestines - answer-Chemical digestion, nutrient absorption
sections of small intestine - answer-duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What increases surface area of small intestines - answer-Intestinal villi
,What is the purpose of intestinal villi? - answer-increasing surface area to absorb more nutrients
The shortest section of the small intestine. - answer-duodenum
The longest section of the small intestines - answer-Ileum
Section of small intestine with only receptors for Vit B12 and bile salts - answer-Ileum
Junction from small intestine and large intestines - answer-Ileocecal valve
Two movements of the small intestines - answer-Mixing and propulsive movement
Mixing movement of small intestines - answer-Churns food but also slightly propels it
Propulsive movements - answer-Primary push of the food through the alimentary canal towards the
anus but also spreads it out for allowing the digestive enzymes to mix with it
Mixing movements - answer-Also known as the segmental contractions
Mixing movements main function - answer-To churn the chyme with intestinal enzymes and
mechanically break down some particles
Segmental contractions do what? - answer-Enhance the amount of time the chyme is exposed to the villi
for absorption
Peristaltic waves - answer-Wave-like motions with a movement from the upper to the lower GI system
Large intestines - answer-AKA colon; begins at ileocecal valve and ends at anus
measurements of the large intestine - answer-Colon is 5-6 ft in length, 2.5-5.5 cm in diameter, largest at
the cecum
Functions of the large intestines - answer-Fecal material formation, fluid absorption
What makes up fecal waste - answer-Bile pigment, mucus, undigested fats, cellulose, protein,
desquamated cells, electrolytes, water, undigested foods
What exists in the colon and not in the small intestine and is responsible for odor of fecal materials -
answer-bacteria
sections of large intestine in order - answer-cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon,
sigmoid colon, rectum
What makes up gas in body - answer-Swallowed air and bacteria in colon
Types of movement of large intestines - answer-Peristaltic movement, segmental movement, and mass
movement
, Peristaltic movement - answer-Pushes the fecal material through the colon
Segmental movements - answer-Provides continuous motion that allows for continuous absorption of
water and electrolytes
Mass movement - answer-Occurs when the left side off the colon contracts and thrusts the fecal
material into the rectum to be emptied through defecation, the evacuation of fecal movement of bowel
movement. An urge to defecate occurs when the ingested food reaches the rectum, resulting in
pressure changes and voluntary sphincter reflex action
Stool consistency - ascending colon - answer-High volume and liquid-mushy (similar to ileostomy)
Stool consistency-transverse colon - answer-semi-solid; mush or paste consistency
Stool consistency- descending colon - answer-formed and solid
Functions of the GI system - answer-1. GI motility
2. Provide digestive enzymes
3. Digest nutrients
4. Absorb nutrients
5. Expel waste and nutrients that were unused/unneeded
6. Maintain balance of fluids and electrolytes
Four stages of wound healing - answer-1. Hemostasis
2. Inflammation (Defensive)
3. Proliferation
4. Maturation
Three types of wound closure - answer-1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary (Delayed primary)
GI ostomies are classified by what? - answer-1. The segment of the intestine or colon used to form the
stoma
2. Continence status
What is a cecostomy used for? - answer-Antegrade enema or cecal decompression
Largest/widest segment of the colon - answer-Transverse
What are the most common types of GI ostomies? - answer-Descending and sigmoid colostomy
What section of colon can an ostomy start producing regulated evacuation? - answer-Descending and
sigmoid colostomy
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