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HBIO 435 MIDTERM 1 (2024) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
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HBIO 435 MIDTERM 1 (2024) QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
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HBIO 435 MIDTERM 1 (2024) QUESTIONSWITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
What is the breakdown of obesity to overweight then to normal? Answer -
1/3,1/3,1/3
Obese BMI Answer - 30 or higher
Overwight BMI Answer - 25-29.9
Healthy Weight BMI Answer - 18.5-24.9
Underweight BMI Answer - Below 18.5
What are the requirements for bariatric surgery? Answer - Above 35 BMI w at
least 2 cormobidities
Requirements for hospitalization Answer - Under 16 BMI
Requirements for anorexia Answer - BMI of 17.5
Obese percentile Answer - 95th percentile
overweight percentile Answer - 85-95th percentile
Healthy Weight percentile Answer - 5th-85th percentile
,Underweight percentile Answer - <5th percentile
What does BMI assume? Answer - A constant distribution of lean-to-fat mass
Limitations of BMI Answer - Body fat differs between women and men
Body fat increases with aging
Body fat is more strongly linked with negative outcomes than BMI
BMI under or over classifying people as obese? Answer - Under-classifying
Visceral adiposity Answer - Abdominal fat
Fat around organs
Visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT)
Subcutaneous adiposity Answer - Fat cells stored under our skin
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT)
Why is VWAT worse? Answer - VWAT secretes more pro-inflammatory
cytokines compared to SWAT
-Interleukins (IL-1, IL-6)
-Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
More direct route to the liver (portal theory)
VWAT secretes less adiponectin than SWAT
- Hormone that promotes insulin sensitivity (glucose regulation)
-Anti-inflammatory properties
, How to measure visceral fat Answer - Waist circumference (WC)
WC risk measures in men and women Answer - Women WC above 35 in
Men WC above 40 in
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) risk measurements Answer - Women: 0.81-0.85
elevated risk, >0.85 high health risk
Men: 0.96-1.0 elevated risk, >1.0 high health risk
How is diabetes defined by the ADA Answer - 1) replicate fasting plasma
glucose (FPG) levels exceeding 126 mgs/dl (7.0 mol/L)
and/or
2) 2 hr peak glucose levels, after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75
grams/kg body weight_ of greater than or equal to 200 msg/dl (11.1 mmol/L)
in the absence of symptoms, or by random glucose level exceeding 100 msg/dl
in the presence of symptoms that suggest insulin deficiency, including
polyuria / polydipsia
What is T2DM linked with? Answer - Visceral adiposity
Sedentary activity
Age
Diet
Ethnicity
T1DM account for what percent of diabetes? Answer - 5-10%
how many obese people will have or develop T2DM Answer - 2/3
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