Phil 1010 Midterm Questions And Answers Rated A+
a group of statements of which one (the conclusion) is claimed to follow from the others (the
premises). ANS Argument
A sentence that is either true or false. ANS Statement
The information intended to provide support for a conclusion. ANS Premise
The statement that is claimed to follow from the premises of an argument. ANS Conclusion
The study of reasoning. ANS Logic
If a statement is true or false. ANS Truth value
The meaning of a statement. ANS Proposition
Term used by logicians to refer to the reasoning process that is expresses by an argument. ANS
Inference
Words or phrases that indicate the presence of a conclusion. ANS Conclusion Indicator
Words and phrases that help us recognize arguments by indicating the presence of premises. ANS
Premise indicator
If a passage expresses a reasoning process- that the conclusion follows from the premises- then we
say that it makes an ______________ ___________ ANS Inferential claim
Provides reasons for why or how an event occurred. Are not arguments by themselves but can form
part of one. ANS Explanation
, Argument in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows NECESSARILY from the premises. In
other words, it is claimed that the premises make it IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false.
ANS Deductive arguement
Argument in which it is claimed that the premises make the conclusion PROBABLE. ANS
Inductive arguement
An argument in which, assuming the premises are true, it is IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be
false. In other words, the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises. ANS Valid deductive
arguement
An argument in which, assuming the premises are true, it is POSSIBLE for the conclusion to be
false. In other words, the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the premises. ANS Invalid
deductive arguement
Evidence that shows the statement is false. Shows the possibility that the premises assumed to be true
do not make the conclusion necessarily true. Shows that a deductive argument is invalid. ANS
Counterexample
Argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is probably true. In
other words, if the premises are assumed to be true, then it is improbable that the conclusion is false.
ANS Strong inductive arguement
Argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is not probably true.
ANS Weak inductive argument
Strong inductive argument with true premises. ANS Cogent argument
Inductive argument that is weak and/or has at least one false premise. ANS Uncogent argument
A single word or group of words that can be the subject of a statement; it can be a common name, a
proper name, or even a descriptive phrase. ANS Term
a group of statements of which one (the conclusion) is claimed to follow from the others (the
premises). ANS Argument
A sentence that is either true or false. ANS Statement
The information intended to provide support for a conclusion. ANS Premise
The statement that is claimed to follow from the premises of an argument. ANS Conclusion
The study of reasoning. ANS Logic
If a statement is true or false. ANS Truth value
The meaning of a statement. ANS Proposition
Term used by logicians to refer to the reasoning process that is expresses by an argument. ANS
Inference
Words or phrases that indicate the presence of a conclusion. ANS Conclusion Indicator
Words and phrases that help us recognize arguments by indicating the presence of premises. ANS
Premise indicator
If a passage expresses a reasoning process- that the conclusion follows from the premises- then we
say that it makes an ______________ ___________ ANS Inferential claim
Provides reasons for why or how an event occurred. Are not arguments by themselves but can form
part of one. ANS Explanation
, Argument in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows NECESSARILY from the premises. In
other words, it is claimed that the premises make it IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false.
ANS Deductive arguement
Argument in which it is claimed that the premises make the conclusion PROBABLE. ANS
Inductive arguement
An argument in which, assuming the premises are true, it is IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be
false. In other words, the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises. ANS Valid deductive
arguement
An argument in which, assuming the premises are true, it is POSSIBLE for the conclusion to be
false. In other words, the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the premises. ANS Invalid
deductive arguement
Evidence that shows the statement is false. Shows the possibility that the premises assumed to be true
do not make the conclusion necessarily true. Shows that a deductive argument is invalid. ANS
Counterexample
Argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is probably true. In
other words, if the premises are assumed to be true, then it is improbable that the conclusion is false.
ANS Strong inductive arguement
Argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is not probably true.
ANS Weak inductive argument
Strong inductive argument with true premises. ANS Cogent argument
Inductive argument that is weak and/or has at least one false premise. ANS Uncogent argument
A single word or group of words that can be the subject of a statement; it can be a common name, a
proper name, or even a descriptive phrase. ANS Term
