Class notes
Breast Cancer Nursing Notes
- Course
- NUR 211
- Institution
- Wilkes Community College
Notes with the main, MUST KNOW, points to remember about Breast Cancer for nursing school exams and NCLEX.
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BREAST CANCERBenign Malignant
-
us .
> =
well diff.
Benign
'Malignant well diff-undiff.
=
↳ cells
invade & metastasize
carcinoma from ectoderm (skin/glands) & endoderm/mucous memb linings
-
=
.
-
sarcoma =
from mesoderm Imuscle Bone falt . ,
Lymphoma/Leukemia from hematopoietic system
-
=
*
Histologic grading :
appearance of cells a degree of differentiation
poor diff
< =
poor prognosis
well diff =
better prognosis
Grades for tumors Grade 1 (Best)
-
:
Grade 4/5 (worst)
* Extent) Spread of disease-staging
L
Stage o Cancer in situ (Best
:
Stage 4 Metastasis (worst :
TNM Classification System (3 parameters) :
* dont
-
stage Leukemia
Tumor size/invasiveness WITNIM
2
Presence/absence of Spread (lymph nodes)
3
Metastasis to organs
Prevention/Early Detection
8.
1 Limit
. alcohol Adeg rest 6-8hrs
.
2 Exercise 130 min/5XwK) a Sunscreen 15
.
spf
3
. Norm 10 . Reduce stress
.
weight
. Reg 11 Balanced diet (veggies fruit whole grain fiber
4
. exams .
, , ,
5
. Reg colorectal screen It fat preserv
, , smoked/salt cured meat , nitrite
. Avoid
6
smoking
.
1
Reg mammo. I pap
I
7 WarningSigns of Cancer ·
Diagnostics
C Change Bowel) bladder 1Cytology Studies (Pap test)
:
A :
a sore (don't healt 2Chest X-ray
U bleeding/discharge
:
unusual 3 CBC liver funct
,
↑
thickening/lump 4 Mammo US CT MRI
:
,
.. ,
1 Indigestion /diff. Swallowing
: 5 Tumor markers (CEA ,
AFP
,
O : Obv Change .
in wart PSA CA-125) .
N Nagging :
cough/hoarseness 6 Genetic Markers (BRCA1/2)
·
-
Avoid : ·
False reassurance Generalizing > jepordize
Redirecting
·
trust
, BREAST CANCER
Biopsy : 1
Percutaneous (throughskin)
-
Endoscopic (lung/esoph / colon) lesions
2
.
3
Surgery I not easily accessible
↳
laparotomy thoracotomy craniotomy
, ,
sticks
Biopsy Needles
:
Fine Needle (small gauge) needle
>
-
1
multiple
More accurate Large Core lactual piece of tissue
-> >
3 Excisional (surgical removal entire lesion /mass) * In -
OR
4 Incisional (part removed "punch") -
5 vacuum-assisted (needle only once can be rotated -
= Goal
:
cure Surgical
·
cures Basal cell Skin * risk for recurrence =
Radiation for high risk recurrence
·
afterx is -
·
chemotherapy (months - >
yrs) complete
* ↑ Mitotic rate more
likely to recur
=
-
Goal :
Control :
Initial +X
(for those we
Maintenance
therapy
·
can't
completely
eradicate) ·
Monitor for S/S recurrence/progression a pain
Goal Palliation Radiation therapy ↓ tumor size Symptoms
:
-
-
relieve
-
Isymptom controll
relief) -
& I risk its more advanced
Risk factors female
-
: -
combined hormone therapy
-4 age (dG5 low risk) After age 55 risk ↑
= *
dramatically
Genetics (1st degree) doubles risk
&
-
* Hormones :
Estrogen/Progesterone : turnor promoters (stimulate grown
10% Cancer rit this
-
Genes
BRCA1 BRCA2 Mutations risk
-
: =
Tumor suppress. gene (These inhibit if working normal
*
other genes =
PALB2 TP53 CHEK 2 PTEN ATM
, , , , ,
NBM CDH STKI , .
*
Can DNA test for this
-
Men -↑ :
risk should have CBE yearly (age 35)
↑ risk prostate
-
cancer
ovaries main source of estrogen
-
=
Patho : lobules prod gland "lobular"
-
milk
-
:
ducts milk lobule to hipple "ductal"
passageway-connects
-
:
↳ "in sith"
within duct or invasive invade duct wall
: :
lung brain
~ Metastatic it has spread (common bone liver
:
:
, ,
,
-
Factors affecting prognosis 1) Tumorsize 2) node involvement 3) differentiation
4) Estrogen/Progester oneStatus (PR) 5) HER-2 /protein reg :
cell growth)
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