Exergonic Reactions - ️️*free energy of reactants is more than that of products;
release energy to be used to sustain life
Differences in plant and animal cells - ️️*plant cells contain vacuoles, chloroplasts
(convert sunlight to ATP), and a cell wall
*animal cells contain lysosomes and...
JCJC Bio I Final
Exergonic Reactions - ✔️✔️*free energy of reactants is more than that of products;
release energy to be used to sustain life
Differences in plant and animal cells - ✔️✔️*plant cells contain vacuoles, chloroplasts
(convert sunlight to ATP), and a cell wall
*animal cells contain lysosomes and flagellum or cilia
Biology - ✔️✔️the scientific study of life
Characteristics of life shared by all living things - ✔️✔️*Highly ordered structure
*Response to the environment
*Energy processing
*Reproduction, growth, and development
*Internal Regulation
*Evolutionary adaptation
Why is evolution the unifying theme in biology? - ✔️✔️Explains both similarities and
differences in the world *Organisms are all descended from a common ancestor
(UNITY)
*Modifications evolved as species branched from their ancestor (DIVERSITY)
3 Domains of life - ✔️✔️Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Prokaryotic Domains - ✔️✔️Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotic Domains - ✔️✔️Eukarya
4 Groups of Eukaryotic organisms - ✔️✔️*Fungi
*Plantae
*Animalia
*Protists
Classification (Highest to lowest) - ✔️✔️Domain, Kingdom, Phylum Class, Order,
Family, Genus, Species
Properties of water that are essential for life - ✔️✔️*Cohesive and adhesive ~ water
spiders and blood vessels
*Solvent in organisms and ecosystems ~ dissolves amino acids
*Expands as freezes ~ ice is less dense than liquid water
*Temperature regulation in environment ~ high heat capacity
pH - ✔️✔️measure of the number of hydrogen ions in a solution
, pH scale - ✔️✔️determines whether a solution is acidic or basic
Acidic - ✔️✔️0 to 6
Neutral - ✔️✔️7
Basic - ✔️✔️8 to 14
Cell - ✔️✔️most basic, fundamental unit of life that can perform all of the
characteristics of living things
Cell Theory - ✔️✔️*cells are the most basic unit of life
*all organisms are composed of at least one cell
*every new cell arises from the division of a pre-existing cell
Cell membranes - ✔️✔️regulate what goes in and out of the cell; selectively permeable
Macromolecules found in or around cell membranes - ✔️✔️carbs, phospholipids,
steroids, proteins
Major components of cell membranes - ✔️✔️lipids and proteins
Active transport - ✔️✔️movement of something across a cell membrane into a region
of higher concentration; requires ATP
~Sodium-potassium pump
Passive Transport - ✔️✔️movement of something across a cell membrane without
energy input
~Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, and osmosis
Diffusion - ✔️✔️moves particles from a region of HIGH to LOW concentration
Osmosis - ✔️✔️movement of water down a concentration gradient through a
selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region
of higher solute concentration
Isotonic - ✔️✔️same inside and outside of cell; not net water movement across a
membrane
Hypertonic - ✔️✔️greater solution OUTSIDE cell; cell loses water (shrinks)
Hypotonic - ✔️✔️greater solution INSIDE cell; cell gains water (swells)
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