Solutions for An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition, (w_ MLA9E Updates) by Fromkin (All Chapters included)
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An Introduction to Language 11e Fromkin
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An Introduction To Language 11e Fromkin
Complete Solutions Manual for An Introduction to Language, 11th Edition, (w_ MLA9E Updates) by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams ; ISBN13: 9781337559577.....(Full Chapters are included and organized in reverse order from Chapter 10 to 1)...1. WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
2. MORPHOLOGY: THE WORDS OF...
An Introduction to Language, 11th
Edition, (w_ MLA9E Updates) by
Victoria Fromkin
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 10)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
1. WHAT IS LANGUAGE?
2. MORPHOLOGY: THE WORDS OF LANGUAGE.
3. SYNTAX: THE SENTENCE PATTERNS OF
LANGUAGE.
4. THE MEANING OF LANGUAGE.
5. PHONETICS: THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE.
6. PHONOLOGY: THE SOUND OF LANGUAGE.
7. LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY.
8. LANGUAGE CHANGE: THE SYLLABLES OF TIME.
9. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION.
10. LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND THE HUMAN
BRAIN.
,Solutions Manual organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to ensure that all
chapters are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch10-1)
Chapter 10
1. Speech errors.
(1) brake fluid → blake fruid
a. phonological
b. reversal or exchange of phonologically similar segments (they are both liquids) in consonant
clusters
(2) drink is the curse of the working classes → work is the curse of the drinking classes
a. lexical
b. exchange of words
(3) I have to smoke a cigarette with my coffee → . . . smoke my coffee with a cigarette
a. syntactic constituent
b. exchange of NPs “a cigarette” and “my coffee”
(4) untactful → distactful
a. morphological
b. substitution of prefix with similar meaning
(5) an eating marathon → a meeting arathon
a. phonological
b. shift of word-initial consonant from the second to the first word; change of an to a, in keeping
with morphological rules of English
(6) executive committee → executor committee
a. morphological
b. substitution of suffix
(7) lady with the dachshund → lady with the Volkswagen
a. semantic
b. substitution of word with similar semantic features (in this case, “small, German”)
(8) Are we taking a bus back → are we taking the buck bass
a. phonological segment
b. exchange of coda consonants /s/ and /k/
(9) he broke the crystal on my watch → he broke the whistle on my crotch
a. phonological
b. exchange of syllable consonant onsets /kr/ and /w/ and deletion of the /t/ present in the intended
crystal
(10) a phonological rule → a phonological fool
a. phonological
b. substitution due to perseveration of /f/
(11) pitch and stress → piss and stretch
a. phonological
b. exchange of final consonants
(12) Lebanon → lemadon
a. phonological feature
b. exchange of features “voiced stop” with “nasal” in /b/ and /n/, resulting in /m/ and /d/
(13) speech production → preach seduction
a. phonological
b. exchange of syllable onsets (/sp/ and /pr/) with deletion of second occurrence of /p/
(14) he’s a New Yorker → he’s a New Yorkan
, a. morphological
b. substitution of derivational suffix with same meaning
(15) I’d forgotten about that → I’d forgot abouten that
a. morphological
b. shift of inflectional verb suffix to preposition
(16) It can deliver a large payload → It can deliver a large payroll
a. lexical
b. substitution of a phonetically similar word; in the context of a political election during an eco-
nomically difficult time, “large payrolls” are on everyone’s mind, so the slip is probably influ-
enced by the context of the election
(17) He made headlines → He made hairlines
a. lexical
b. substitution of a phonetically similar word hair for head; in the context of a barbershop, hair is
semantically relevant, as are (potentially receding) hairlines.
(18) I never heard of classes on Good Friday → I never heard of classes on April 9
a. syntactic constituent
b. substitution of an NP that shares some of the meaning with the intended NP; in the context of a
year in which Good Friday fell on April 9, these phrases may have overlapping meanings. How-
ever, the ways in which the phrases differ semantically are crucially what make this slip of the
tongue funny. Good Friday is not always on April 9, and there is nothing strange about having
class on April 9 per se.
2. Understanding and resolving ambiguity.
(1) For those of you who have children and don’t know it, we have a nursery downstairs.
Ambiguity: It could refer to having children or to the fact that there is a nursery downstairs.
Likely: It refers to the fact that there is a nursery downstairs.
Knowledge: Most people know whether they have children.
(2) The police were asked to stop drinking in public places.
Ambiguity: The subject of drinking could be the police or other persons.
Likely: Other persons.
Knowledge: The police are usually the enforcers, not the violators.
(3) Our bikinis are exciting; they are simply the tops.
Ambiguity: The word tops may mean “excellent” or “the bra half of a bikini.”
Likely: “Excellent.”
Knowledge: Bikinis generally consist of a top half and a bottom half.
(4) It’s time we made smoking history.
Ambiguity: “We are eliminating smoking” (analogous to It’s time we made smoking illegal), or “we
are going to do something so important regarding smoking that it will be written about in history
books” (analogous to It’s time we made political history).
Likely: Both readings are likely.
Knowledge: If some group managed to eliminate smoking, they would be “making smoking histo-
ry” both in terms of (1) ending smoking and (2) doing something so important in terms of smoking
that it’ll be written down in the history books.
(5) Do you know the time?
Ambiguity: This is a pragmatic ambiguity and may be a literal question about what you know or an
indirect request for the time.
Likely: A request for the time.
Knowledge: It is more likely that someone wants to know the time than that someone wants to
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