ANATOMY OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM 1|2 EXAM
2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+++
Describe the monocular visual field characteristics - Correct answer Has
specific "seeing" field degrees in each direction
Where is the physiological blind spot found? - Correct answer 15 degrees
temporal to fixation
What VF do most state's driving requirements require? - Correct answer 110
degrees of horizontal VF and 80 degrees of vertical VF
Pts with what kind of VF defect cannot drive? - Correct answer Homonymous
hemianopia
Superior visual field degrees - Correct answer 60
Temporal visual field degrees - Correct answer 100
Inferior VF degrees - Correct answer 70
Nasal VF degrees - Correct answer 60
What is the temporal crescent? - Correct answer The far ~30 degrees of
temporal field, it is seen monocularly: there is no corresponding area in the
nasal field of the contralateral eye
This region of V1 has NO ocular dominance columns since it does not receive
binocular input
,Where is the temporal crescent located in the brain? - Correct answer Most
anteriorly in the primary visual cortex
How is the VF always performed? - Correct answer Monocularly
How many different types of VF testing is there? - Correct answer 2
What are the 2 different types of VF testing? - Correct answer -Static VF
(Humphrey, automated)
-Kinetic VF (Goldmann, manual)
Describe the static VF (Humphrey, automated) - Correct answer -Presents
targets in static locations
-Assessed the central 10, 24, or 30 deg of vision typically
-Automated, and quantifies defects
What VA does the pt need to do static VF (humphery, automated)? - Correct
answer 20/100 or better
Describe the kinetic VF (Goldmann, manual) - Correct answer -Presents
targets from peripheral unseen location into seen location
-The pt is monitored by examiner directly as the examiner runs the equipment
-Assesses more peripheral vision (out to 80 deg)
Who is kinetic VF (Goldmann, manual) best for? - Correct answer Pts with
very poor acuity, central scotoma, or impaired cognition
How to analyze a VF - Correct answer -Note the type of VF performed (24-2,
30-2) and stimulus size used
, -Check the reliability indices
-Check gaze tracker to note gaze stability
-Check for a blind spot
-Look at the decibels
-Total deviation
-Pattern deviation
What are the reliability indices? - Correct answer -Fixation losses (FL): the
machine flashes targets in the pt's blind spot intermittently to detect fixation
losses
-False negatives: indicate inattention
-False positives": indicate a "trigger happy" pt
What does normal vision show in the decibels? - Correct answer ~30 dB at
each point
0 dB defects indicate the pt could not see even the brightest stimulus=absolute
defect
What is total deviation? - Correct answer Compares the pt to an age-matched
control
What is pattern deviation? - Correct answer -Most clinically useful
-Filters out general depression, shows focal defects
What do you want the reliability indices to be under? - Correct answer 10%
What is GHT? - Correct answer Glaucoma hemifield test
What is mean deviation? - Correct answer How much vision is lost
2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+++
Describe the monocular visual field characteristics - Correct answer Has
specific "seeing" field degrees in each direction
Where is the physiological blind spot found? - Correct answer 15 degrees
temporal to fixation
What VF do most state's driving requirements require? - Correct answer 110
degrees of horizontal VF and 80 degrees of vertical VF
Pts with what kind of VF defect cannot drive? - Correct answer Homonymous
hemianopia
Superior visual field degrees - Correct answer 60
Temporal visual field degrees - Correct answer 100
Inferior VF degrees - Correct answer 70
Nasal VF degrees - Correct answer 60
What is the temporal crescent? - Correct answer The far ~30 degrees of
temporal field, it is seen monocularly: there is no corresponding area in the
nasal field of the contralateral eye
This region of V1 has NO ocular dominance columns since it does not receive
binocular input
,Where is the temporal crescent located in the brain? - Correct answer Most
anteriorly in the primary visual cortex
How is the VF always performed? - Correct answer Monocularly
How many different types of VF testing is there? - Correct answer 2
What are the 2 different types of VF testing? - Correct answer -Static VF
(Humphrey, automated)
-Kinetic VF (Goldmann, manual)
Describe the static VF (Humphrey, automated) - Correct answer -Presents
targets in static locations
-Assessed the central 10, 24, or 30 deg of vision typically
-Automated, and quantifies defects
What VA does the pt need to do static VF (humphery, automated)? - Correct
answer 20/100 or better
Describe the kinetic VF (Goldmann, manual) - Correct answer -Presents
targets from peripheral unseen location into seen location
-The pt is monitored by examiner directly as the examiner runs the equipment
-Assesses more peripheral vision (out to 80 deg)
Who is kinetic VF (Goldmann, manual) best for? - Correct answer Pts with
very poor acuity, central scotoma, or impaired cognition
How to analyze a VF - Correct answer -Note the type of VF performed (24-2,
30-2) and stimulus size used
, -Check the reliability indices
-Check gaze tracker to note gaze stability
-Check for a blind spot
-Look at the decibels
-Total deviation
-Pattern deviation
What are the reliability indices? - Correct answer -Fixation losses (FL): the
machine flashes targets in the pt's blind spot intermittently to detect fixation
losses
-False negatives: indicate inattention
-False positives": indicate a "trigger happy" pt
What does normal vision show in the decibels? - Correct answer ~30 dB at
each point
0 dB defects indicate the pt could not see even the brightest stimulus=absolute
defect
What is total deviation? - Correct answer Compares the pt to an age-matched
control
What is pattern deviation? - Correct answer -Most clinically useful
-Filters out general depression, shows focal defects
What do you want the reliability indices to be under? - Correct answer 10%
What is GHT? - Correct answer Glaucoma hemifield test
What is mean deviation? - Correct answer How much vision is lost
