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Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update Already Passed $7.99
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Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update Already Passed

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Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update Already Passed Virus - Answers non-cellular, non-living infectious agent with its own genome. They are obligate intracellular parasites. Virus components - Answers 1. Genomic material 2. Capsid Capsid - Answers mem...

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  • November 5, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • portage microbiology module 6 exam questions and

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Portage Microbiology Module 6 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024-2025
Already Passed

Virus - Answers non-cellular, non-living infectious agent with its own genome. They are obligate
intracellular parasites.

Virus components - Answers 1. Genomic material

2. Capsid

Capsid - Answers membrane-like protein structure containing the virus's genetic material (similar to a
cell's nucleus)

Envelope - Answers an additional outer membrane surrounding the capsid, derived from the host cell's
plasma membrane taken as virus "buds" from host cell. Found in a majority of animal viruses.

Naked virus - Answers non-enveloped; host cell bursts as virus lyses from cell. Majority of
bacteriophages.

Paramyxovirus - Answers Enveloped, 100-150 nm diameter, spherical. Single stranded linear genome
fuses with the host cell membrane to initiate entry and replication. (Measles and mumps)

Orthomyxovirus - Answers Similar to paramyxovirus but contains eight segments of RNA and enters the
host via endocytosis (influenza)

Number of viruses known to infect mammals - Answers 5,000

Number of viruses known to infect humans - Answers 220

Estimated number of uncharacterized viruses - Answers 300,000

Virion - Answers a single virus particle with a capsid and genetic material

Capsid structures - Answers helical, icosahedral, complex

Viral spikes - Answers glycoprotein extensions that identify and bind to host cell proteins. Can be
changed by mutating genomes

Purpose of viral genome - Answers To encode proteins necessary for capsomere, spikes, and enzymes
for replication

DNA viral genome - Answers -Can be circular or linear

-Often double stranded

-May be single stranded

RNA viral genome - Answers -Can be linear or segmented

, -Often single stranded

-May be double stranded

Human genome size - Answers 3 billion base pairs; 25,000 genes

Viral genome size - Answers 7700-2.5 million base pairs; 300 genes

Central dogma of biology - Answers DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by ribosomes into
making proteins

Protein encoding for double-stranded viral DNA - Answers Same as for cells; DNA-->transcription--
>mRNA-->protein

Protein encoding for single-stranded viral DNA - Answers Complementary DNA is built-->transcription--
>mRNA-->protein

Protein encoding for ssRNA+ viruses - Answers mRNA-like genome is immediately ready for translation.
(polio, rubella, West Nile encephalitis)

Protein encoding for ssRNA- viruses - Answers Genome is complementary to mRNA. Transcription by
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases-->mRNA-->proteins (influenza, measles, ebola, rabies)

Protein encoding for retroviruses - Answers mRNA-like genome is converted to DNA form by reverse
transcriptase--->DNA is inserted in host cell's genome-->transcription-->mRNA-->protein (HIV)

Protein encoding for dsRNA viruses - Answers Double-stranded RNA is unwound by RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase to single-stranded mRNA-->protein

Viral replication - Answers When virus uses the host cell's resources (amino acids, nucleotides, enzymes,
and organelles) to make new virions

6 steps to viral replication - Answers 1. Attachment

2. Entry

3. Uncoating

4. Replication

5. Assembly

6. Release

Attachment - Answers Virus attaches to host cell via capsid proteins for naked viruses or spike proteins
for enveloped

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