TEST BANK
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
Patrick J. Hurley
,Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
ANS: D PTS: 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that
transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
ANS: C PTS: 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
whatever the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
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, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly
longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and
drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than
black women.
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
ANS: B PTS: 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
visit pay-per-click ads.
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
ANS: E PTS: 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
ANS: C PTS: 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life
sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted.
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
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, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
ANS: A PTS: 2
9. Humans jare jbiological jorganisms. jTo junderstand jour jbehavior jand jmental jprocesses, jwe jneed jto
junderstand jtheir jbiological junderpinnings, jstarting jwith jthe jcellular jlevel, jthe jneuron. jHow jwe
jfeel, jlearn, jremember, jand jthink jall jstem jfrom jneuronal jactivity. jSo, jhow ja jneuron jworks jand
jhow jneurons jcommunicate jare jcrucial jpieces jof jinformation jin jsolving jthe jpuzzle jof jhuman
jbehavior jand jmental jprocessing.
Richard jGriggs, jPsychology: jA jConcise jIntroduction
a. Argument; jconclusion: jTo junderstand jour jbehavior j... jthe
jneuron.
b. Argument; jconclusion: jHumans jare jbiological jorganisms.
c. Argument; jconclusion: jHow jwe jfeel j... jneuronal jactivity.
d. Argument; jconclusion: jHow ja jneuron jworks j... jmental
jprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: j D PTS: j j2
10. Viruses jare jacellular jentities jtoo jsmall jto jbe jseen jwith ja jlight jmicroscope. jThey jare jcomposed jof
ja jnucleic jacid jand ja jfew jproteins. jViruses jreplicate jthemselves jand jdisplay jother jproperties jof
jliving jorganisms jonly jwhen jthey jhave jinvaded jliving jcells. jIndeed, jsome jviruses jcan jbe
jcrystallized jand jstored jin ja jcontainer jon ja jshelf jfor jyears, jbut jthey jretain jthe jcapacity jto jinvade
jcells jand jcause jdisease.
Jacquelyn jC. jBlack, jMicrobiology: jPrinciples jand jExplorations
a. Argument; jconclusion: jThey jare jcomposed jof ja jnucleic jacid jand ja jfew
jproteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; jconclusion: jViruses jare jacellular jentities j... jmicroscope.
d. Argument; jconclusion: jIndeed, jsome jviruses jcan jbe jcrystallized j... jcause
jdisease.
e. Argument; jconclusion: jViruses jreplicate jthemselves j... jinvaded jliving jcells.
ANS: j B PTS: j j2
11. Harnessing jthe jclean, jabundant jenergy jof jthe jsun jand jwind jis jcritical jto jsolving jthe jglobal
jwarming jproblem. jTechnological jadvances jhave jbrought jthe jcost jof jelectricity jgenerated jby jthe
jwind jdown jby j82 jpercent jsince j1981. jSolar jenergy jtechnology jhas jmade jremarkable jprogress jas
jnew jphotovoltaic jcells jhave jbeen jdeveloped jto jconvert jeven jgreater jamounts jof jsunlight jdirectly
jinto jelectricity. jToday jthe jcosts jof jwind jand jsolar jpower jare jbecoming jcompetitive jwith jdirty
jcoal-fired jplants.
Sierra jClub, j"Global jWarming jSolutions"
a. Argument; jconclusion: jToday jthe jcosts jof jwind j... jdirty jcoal-fired jplants.
b. Argument; jconclusion: jTechnological jadvances j... jby j82 jpercent jsince
j1981.
c. Argument; jconclusion: jHarnessing jthe jclean j... jthe jglobal jwarming
jproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; jconclusion: jSolar jenergy jtechnology j... jdirectly jinto jelectricity.
ANS: j D PTS: j j2
12. It jis jlikely jthat jinnocent jprisoners jin jthis jcountry jhave jbeen jexecuted jfor jcrimes jthey jdid jnot
jcommit. jFrom j1973 juntil j2007, j124 jdeath jrow jinmates jhave jbeen jexonerated. jIn jmany jof jthese
jcases jDNA jevidence jplayed ja jcrucial jrole. jYet, jin jthat jsame jtime jframe, jmore jthan j1000
jprisoners jwere jexecuted. jFor jmany jof jthese jprisoners jno jDNA jevidence jwas javailable. jIf jsuch
jevidence jhad jbeen javailable, jhow jmay jmore jwould jhave jbeen jexonerated?
a. Argument; jconclusion: jIn jmany jof jthese jcases j... jplayed ja jcrucial jrole.
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