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PHSL 3051 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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PHSL 3051 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100%CORRECT ANSWERS
Interrelationships between molecules, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in the
human body - ANSWER molecules > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems
Three Body Fluid Compartments - ANSWER 1. intracellular fluid (ICF)
2. plasma (ECF)
3. interstitial fluid (ECF)
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - ANSWER contains high concentrations of potassium and
proteins
-K: 150 mM
Na: 15 mM
ECF - ANSWER K 5 mM
Na: 150 mM
Plasma - ANSWER highly concentrated with sodium and chlorine
Interstitial Fluid - ANSWER high concentrations of sodium, chlorine, and proteins
the Major Components of Cell Membranes - ANSWER carbohydrates, proteins and the
lipid bilayer
Four Functions of the Plasma Membrane - ANSWER 1. selective barrier
2. exchange of molecules between ICF and ECF
,3. communication between the cell and its environment
4. structural support
Four Tissue Types in the Body - ANSWER 1. epithelial
2. connective
3. nerve
4. muscle
Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER protect, exchange, transport, move fluid along surfaces and
secrete
Connective Tissue - ANSWER functions for mechanical support and connection; acts as
a barrier
Nerve Tissue - ANSWER intercellular communication, sensation and the regulation of
autonomic function
Muscle Tissue - ANSWER necessary for movement
Fick's Law - ANSWER the rate of diffusion is proportional to the surface area
Molecules that can Easily Diffuse Across the Lipid Bilayer (simple diffusion) - ANSWER
-lipid soluble
-small molecular size
Determines the Rate of Diffusion Through the Lipid Bilayer - ANSWER -lipid solubility
-molecular size
-concentration gradient
-membrane surface area
, -composition of lipid bilayer
Ion Channel and Carrier Protein Similarities - ANSWER both are membrane transporters
that help move molecules across the lipid bilayer
Ion Channels - ANSWER -create a water-filled pore and can be either gated or open
-specific for the molecules that can pass through them
-molecular movement is determined by the properties of the molecules (no the channel
itself)
Carrier Proteins - ANSWER -have specific binding sites for the molecules they transport
-protein goes through conformational change that translocates the molecule from one
side of the membrane to the other
-molecular movement is determined by properties of the carrier protein and the
properties of the substrates being transported
Primary Active Transport - ANSWER -energy from ATP hydrolysis is used to transport
ions such as Na, K, Ca and H up their gradients
-dependent on ATP and the affinity of ligand's binding site
Secondary Active Transport - ANSWER -potential energy from the Na or H
electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane can be used to drive the net
"uphill" movement of other solutes
-dependent on an ion's electrochemical gradient
Simple Diffusion - ANSWER the net movement of molecules from a region of high
concentration to low concentration as a result of random molecular motion due to
kinetic (thermal) energy of the molecules
Facilitated Diffusion - ANSWER depends on a molecule's concentration gradient and a
transport protein
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