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Psych 111 - Exam 1 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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Psych 111 - Exam 1 Questions And 100%Correct Answers
What is psychology? - ANSWER The scientific study of mental processes and behavior
What does psychology reflect the influences of? - ANSWER • Biological processes
• Individual differences gender, pain
• Time and culture we continue to learn more
What are the four goals of psychology? - ANSWER • Describe how people and animals
behave
• Understand and explain the causes of behavior
• Predict behaviors/reactions across situations
Understand the causes of behavior and its consequences in order to control it
Bullying: early empathy training
What did Flourens and Broca do? - ANSWER • Connected mind and behavior
• Showed that brain damage can lead to losses of behavioral and mental capability
What did Wilhelm Wundt establish? - ANSWER • The first psychological laboratory is
Leipzig, Germany
• First class in psych taught
What did Wundt study? - ANSWER • Consciousness
• Structuralism
,What is consciousness? - ANSWER • The personal or subjective experience of the world
and mind
What is structuralism? - ANSWER • Relationship between the basic elements which
constitute the mind
• Introspection: The subjective observation of one's own experience/feelings
• Structure of mental processes
-Elements of consciousness/moments of consciousness
What did Titchener do? - ANSWER • Brought Structuralism to the US
• Relied on the identification of the basic elements
William James - QUESTION • Expanded on the work of Wundt and the study of conscious
experiences but concentrates on WHY and the adaptive reasons for what and how we
perceive the real world
• Natural selection
• Functionalism
Functionalism - QUESTION • The function or purpose of the conscious mental process
serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment
We can't divide our memory that well but we think we can
Who do many psychologists focus on for studies? - ANSWER Patients with psychological
disorders to understand human behavior
Who influenced the Psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER Sigmund Freud
What is the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Identified the role of unconscious
forces that determine thoughts, feelings and behavior
• Personality is dependent on early life experiences
,• Conflicts between drives and motivations result in compromises called defense
mechanisms and symptoms caused by being driven by sexual and aggressive impulses
What is the theory behind the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Unconscious
mental processes shape feelings, thoughts and behaviors
• They would make us uncomfortable if we knew them
What is a Freudian Slip? - ANSWER • Elements of unconscious processing according to
this perspective
• Supposed to be unconscious but it comes out into the conscious
• We are not in charge of our unconscious
What is the Humanistic perspective? - ANSWER • Said psychoanalytic perspective is too
pessimistic
• Stresses positive potential of all humans
• Believes in free will
• Posits and inherit drive to develop and reach full potential
What is the behaviorist perspective? - ANSWER • Focus on observable behavioral
responses
• Doesn't study mental life at all
• Emphasizes the environmental impact on a person's actions
• Predict and control behavior in ways that benefit society
Who created the behaviorist perspective? - ANSWER Watson
Who classical conditioning/what is it? - ANSWER • Pavlov and Watson
• Associative learning pairing stimuli and response
• Footsteps make dogs drool
, Who created operative conditioning? - ANSWER Skinner
What is operative conditioning? - ANSWER • Focuses on behaviorist perspective
• Explores reinforcement and punishment as determinants of behavior
• Rewarded for something: increased likelihood you'll repeat the behavior
• Punished: won't repeat behavior
What is social learning theory? By who? - ANSWER • By Bandura
• Behavior is influenced by the observation of others
What is the cognitive perspective? - ANSWER • How one thinks affects behavior and
responses
• Studies the mental processes involved in knowing
• Explores how one understands and then thinks about solving problems
• Storage and retrieval of information
• Mind is like a computer
• How to pay attention to many things at once
What is the Biological/Biopsychological Perspective and cognitive neuroscience -
ANSWER • Understands the mind and behavior through biological processes in the brain
• Explores the electrical and chemical processes of neurons affecting mood, perception,
cognition and behavior
• Birth defects/damage hurts the brain and affects ability
• Localization of function (Phineas Gage)
What is evolutionary psych? - ANSWER • Understands mind and behavior in terms of the
adaptive selection of traits and functions over time
• Seeks to understand a variety of research findings within this theoretical framework
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