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NURS 352 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NURS 352 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSThird spacing - ANSWER loss of ECF into space from the body but not available to be
used by the ECF or or ICF
What some spaces where third spacing can happen - ANSWER Peritoneal cavity and
pleural cavity
What are some signs that third spacing is happening - ANSWER there is a decrease in
urine output even when having proper intake
What is osmosis - ANSWER diffusion of water caused by fluid and solute concentration
gradients that move from high to low concentration
What is starlings laws of capillary forces - ANSWER the two forces at every capillary
membrane: hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
What is hydrostatic pressure; how does it work - ANSWER Pressure exerted by fluid on
the walls of blood vessel
pushes fluid out of the capillary toward the ICF
What is osmotic pressure; how does it work - ANSWER pressure exerted by the solutes
within the plasma
pulls the fluid into the capillary from the ICF
What is colloid oncotic - ANSWER osmotic pressure specifically exerted by albumin in
the bloodstream
What is tonicity - ANSWER the ability of solutes to cause osmotic driving force that
,promotes water movement
Isotonic solutions - ANSWER Same sodium and chloride concentration as the
bloodstream and the same water concentration as the bloodstream
does not provoke change between ICF and ECF compartments
Isotonic solutions expand the plasma volume of blood
Hypotonic solutions - ANSWER composed of less sodium chloride concentration than
blood
0.45 %NaCl and 0.25 % NaCl
less solute but more water than bloodstream
Move water from ECF to ICF
used to hydrate patient
Hypertonic Solution - ANSWER Composed of a greater concentration of NaCl than blood
3% NaCl
Greater concentration of solute and less water
Takes water from ICF to ECF
Used for edema, and cerebral edema
, What is manitol used for and what classification is it - ANSWER It is a hypertonic solution
moves water from ICF to ECF quickly
Osmotic diuresis - ANSWER increase in urine output caused by the excretion of solutes
factors that increase serum osmolality - ANSWER severe dehydration
free water loss
D.I
hypernatremia
hypergylcemia
Acute tubular necrosis
Factors that decrease serum osmolality - ANSWER Fluid volume excess
SIADH
Acute kidney injury
adrenal insufficiency
hyponatremia
overhydration
diuretic use
factors that increase urine osmolality - ANSWER Fluid volume deficit
SIADH
Heart failure
acidosis
prerenal kidney injury
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