ERSC 1P92 MODULE 3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONSERSC 1P92 MODULE 3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONSERSC 1P92 MODULE 3 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Plate - ANSWER-The Earth's crust consists of a number of mobile plates, masses of crust that move independently of adjacent plates
Tectonics - ANSWER-Dealing with struc...
ERSC 1P92 MODULE 3 WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Plate - ANSWER-The Earth's crust consists of a number of mobile plates, masses of
crust that move independently of adjacent plates
Tectonics - ANSWER-Dealing with structural features of the Earth (e.g., mountains,
ocean basins)
Plate Tectonics - ANSWER-The process that involves the interaction of moving crustal
plates and results in major structural features of the Earth
Knowledge Inertia - ANSWER-A resistance to new knowledge by those who have spent
their careers doing research and publishing results that are fundamentally wrong
because of some underlying theory
Shrinking (contracting) Earth Theory - ANSWER-Theory first proposed by Giordano
Bruno (16th century) that the Earth contracted or shrank over geologic time and resulted
in the formation of mountains, ocean basins, and other geological features (he
compared the process to the drying of an apple)
Shrinking resulted in a reduction of the volume of material making up the Earth and a
reduction in its diameter. To accommodate the reduced volume and diameter the rigid
crust would have to shorten by folding and buckling. On the shrunken surface the
topographic highs become continental masses and mountains and the topographic lows
become lakes and ocean basins
What did Lord Kelvin (19th century) suggest the cause of shrinking was? - ANSWER-
The cooling of the Earth. Like metal objects, when heated up, their volume is largest
and becomes smaller as the metal cools
What are the problems with the Shrinking (contracting) Earth Theory? - ANSWER-•
Fossils are preserved in rocks that are folded and faulted. The fossils are of living
organisms that lived on Earth prior to deformation (and presumed shrinkage) but would
not have been able to withstand the initial high temperatures.
• Initial temperatures required for the amount of shrinkage needed to produce
mountains and ocean basins were too high to be realistic.
What is the first other mechanism of shrinkage? - ANSWER-Extrusion of molten rock
from within the Earth (like a tube of toothpaste)
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