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PSY 121 EXAM 3|198 REVIEW QUESTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN CORRECTLY ANSWERED
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PSY 121 EXAM 3|198 REVIEW QUESTIONS WHICHHAVE BEEN CORRECTLY ANSWERED
Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog would come into the
kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was
stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become a(n) ________. - (ANSWER)conditioned
stimulus
When Luke kissed Laura, his heart rate increased. Laura always wore a certain perfume. When
walking through a department store, Luke smelled the same perfume, and his heart began to race.
In this example, ____________ is the conditioned stimulus. - (ANSWER)the smell of the
perfume
In Pavlov's studies, the salivation of the dogs that occurs after they taste the food is the
________. - (ANSWER)unconditioned response
Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while, he
notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this
example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus. - (ANSWER)fish food
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the boy, it was
accompanied by a loud noise. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon hearing the loud
noise was the ________ while his reaction of fear in response to the white rat was the
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___________. - (ANSWER)unconditioned response; conditioned response
You know that tapping someone on the knee leads to a reflexive "knee jerk response." Imagine
that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee -jerk response."
Which of the following is accurate? - (ANSWER)The knee jerk in response to a tap on the knee
is the unconditioned response, and the knee-jerk response to the sound is the conditioned
response
The neutral stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n) ________ in
classical conditioning. - (ANSWER)conditioned stimulus
,Every week, Jade spends her allowance on ½-pound of sour lemon gummy candies, even though
they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is walking down the street, Jade sees a girl
carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag! Jade notices that her mouth is
puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is
the________________. - (ANSWER)sour lemon gummy candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing
saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation
would be referred to as a(an) ________. - (ANSWER)unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the boy, it was
accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry when presented with the rat. In
this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat was a(n) ________ response. -
(ANSWER)conditioned
In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you. Lightning always
comes before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as soon as the lightning strikes. In
this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n) ________. - (ANSWER)conditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired
with the unconditioned stimulus. - (ANSWER)extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell every 15
minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. Whiskers salivates less and less and finally
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stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers salivating to the
sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this response? -
(ANSWER)Spontaneous recovery
Positive reinforcement involves _______ and negative reinforcement involves _______. -
(ANSWER)presenting something desirable; removing something undesirable
A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that ____________, and a positive reinforcer is a stimulus that
_____________. - (ANSWER)removes something negative; adds something positive
, The difference between negative reinforcement and a punishment is that: - (ANSWER)negative
reinforcement increases behavior whereas punishment decreases behavior.
Having your cell phone turned off because you did not pay your bill is an example of
____________. - (ANSWER)negative punishment
Geoff's friends tease him for visiting the public library during summer holidays. As a result,
Geoff stops visiting the library. In this example, the teasing acted as ____________. -
(ANSWER)positive punishment
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the impact of different schedules of
reinforcement on behavior? - (ANSWER)Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will
persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement.
Partial reinforcement refers to a schedule in which a behavior is reinforced after some, but not
all, correct responses. This type of schedule of reinforcement will be ________. -
(ANSWER)more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement
Reinforcement given for a response emitted after each hour and a half (e.g., 10 a.m., 11:30 a.m.,
1 p.m.) is following a(n) ________ schedule. - (ANSWER)interval
Sophie receives an allowance after completing some chores around the house. Sometimes, she
receives money after completing one task; other times, she must do five or six jobs before
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receiving any money. Her friend Riley also receives an allowance, but Riley always gets paid at
the end of the week, regardless of how many chores she has completed. Sophie's parents are
following a ________________ schedule of reinforcement, whereas Riley's parents are
following a ________________ schedule of reinforcement. - (ANSWER)variable ratio; fixed
interval
If a pigeon is fed when it pecks a red dot after each hour and half (e.g., 10 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1
p.m.), the pigeon is being reinforced on a ________ schedule. However, if the pigeon is
reinforced every time it pecks a red dot, it is being reinforced on a ___________ schedule. -
(ANSWER)fixed interval; continuous
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