NPRO 1100, EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
QUESTION sat ranges - ANSWER -95-100%
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyponatremia - ANSWER -causes: GI fluid loss,
hypotonic IV fluid, heart failure, diuretic use
signs and symptoms: dizziness, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia - ANSWER -causes: dehydration,
heatstroke, diabetes insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes, irritability, hallucinations, restlessness
what does urine specific gravity (SG) measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWER -measures
concentration of solutes in urine
normal range: 1.005-1.030
QUESTIONwhat does BUN measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWER -measures amount of
urea in the bloodstream
normal range: 7-20 mg/dL
QUESTIONwhat is creatinine and what are the normal ranges - ANSWER -indicator of renal function
breakdown product of muscle metabolism
normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
,QUESTIONwhat does hematocrit measure and what are the normal ranges - ANSWER -measures the
percentage of RBC in whole blood volume
normal ranges: 40%-50% for males
35%-45% for females
QUESTIONsodium ranges - ANSWER -135-145 mEq/L
QUESTIONpotassium ranges - ANSWER -3.5-5 mEq/L
QUESTIONcalcium ranges - ANSWER -8.5-10.5 mEq/L
QUESTIONmagnesium ranges - ANSWER -1.5-2.3 mEq/L
QUESTIONO2 sat ranges - ANSWER -95-100%
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyponatremia - ANSWER -causes: GI fluid loss,
hypotonic IV fluid, heart failure, diuretic use
signs and symptoms: dizziness, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia - ANSWER -causes: dehydration,
heatstroke, diabetes insipidus
signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes, irritability, hallucinations, restlessness
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia - ANSWER -causes: GI fluid loss,
bulimia, metabolic acidosis
signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes, muscle weakness, decreased bowel motility
, QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSWER -causes: kidney injury,
adrenal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis
signs and symptoms: bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, irritability
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypocalemia - ANSWER -causes:
hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, malabsorption
signs and symptoms: numbness, tingling of extremities, positive trousseau and chvostek signs
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypercalcemia - ANSWER -causes:
hypoparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, prolonged immobilization
signs and symptoms: muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, stupor
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia - ANSWER -causes: alcoholism,
malabsorption, chronic laxative use
signs and symptoms, neuromuscular excitement, muscle spasms, confusion, insomnia
QUESTIONwhat are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypermagnesemia - ANSWER -causes: renal
failure, adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism
signs and symptoms: bradycardia, lethargy, diminished reflexes, impaired swallowing
QUESTIONhypotonic solution - ANSWER -"go out of the vessel and into the cell"
extracellular to intracellular
