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BIO 340 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
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BIO 340 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATEANSWERS
Allele-A structure composed of alternate forms of a gene that occupy a specific location
on a chromosome.
Mitosis-The stage of eukaryotic cell division where the cell nucleus divides
Meiosis-Cell division resulting in reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms.
What will be the corresponding statement to the use of allele dominance in genetics? -
ANSWER One of a pair of alleles expresses its effect in the organism
Where are the eukaryotic chromosomes located inside the cell? - ANSWER in the
nucleus
The central dogma of molecular biology states: - ANSWER DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Transcription can be described as the process that - ANSWER Transforms DNA into
RNA
How many different nucleotides make up the DNA molecule? - ANSWER 4
What is a ribosome? - ANSWER A protein/ RNA complex that translates RNA into protein
Transmission genetics: - ANSWER The branch of genetics concerned with the
mechanisms by which genes are transferred from parent to offspring.
, Molecular definition of a gene - ANSWER A segment of DNA encoding a polypeptide (or
an RNA chain)
Chromosomes - ANSWER threadlike structures composed of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
DNA (Double Helix) - ANSWER DNA polymer strands held together by H bonds
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ANSWER A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached
to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Polypeptide - ANSWER A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by
peptide bonds.
general definition of a gene - ANSWER The basic unit of heredity and conveys
information from generation to generation
Variants, or - ANSWER alternative forms of the same gene that alter their population
frequency
forward genetic analysis - ANSWER uncovering genes responsible for phenotypic
variation
Steps for forward genetic analysis - ANSWER 1. Identify a biological trait of interest
2. Find mutants that affect this trait.
3. Show that the mutants result from variation in a single gene.
4. Determine the nucleotide sequence of the gene
G reat Gregor Mendel-ANSWER Austrian monk
-Trained in math and natural history at University of Vienna
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