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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM GUIDEQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Motivation - answer-a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Emotion - answer-the feeling that is produced in response to life experiences
Homeostasis - answer-body's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment
Curiosity motivation - answer-a drive that moves a person to seek new and different
things
Intrinsic motivation - answer-a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
Extrinsic motivation - answer-a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised
rewards or avoid threatened punishment
Need for affiliation - answer-desire to associate with others, to be part of a group, to
form close and intimate relationships
Need for approval - answer-psychological need to have other people think highly of
oneself
Need for achievement - answer-the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to
perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence.
Drive reduction theory - answer-the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused
tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Instinct theory - answer-a view that explains human behavior as motivated by
automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses.
Optimum arousal theory - answer-theory stating that we are motivated by our innate
desire to maintain an personally preferred level of arousal.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs - answer-physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem,
self-actualization
Universal emotions - answer-happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust,
anger
Cannon bard theory - answer-the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of
emotion
, James lange theory - answer-the theory that our experience of emotion is our
awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
Schachters cognitive 2 factor theory - answer-to experience emotion one must be
physically aroused and cognitively aroused
Opponent-process theory - answer-the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-
green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are
stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by
green
What are the causes of hunger - answer-ghrelin increases appetite, leptin helps to
suppress appetite
What is anorexia nervosa - answer-self starvation due to a distorted body image of
being overweight
What is bulimia nervosa - answer-binge eating and purging
What is emotional intelligence and what are the levels - answer-the ability to manage
your own emotions and understand other peoples emotions 1) self awareness, 2) social
awareness 3)relationship managment
Monozygotic twins - answer-identical twins formed when one zygote splits into two
separate masses of cells, each of which develops into a separate embryo
Dizygotic twins - answer-twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized
by two separate sperm at roughly the same time
Sensorimotor - answer-describes piaget's stage in which the child explores the world
through interaction of his mouth and hands with the environment
Preoperational - answer-piaget's second stage of cognitive development, when
egocentrism declines
Concrete operations - answer-piaget's stage in which children learn such concepts as
conservation and mathematical transformations; about 7 - 11 years of age
Formal operations - answer-one of piaget's stages; includes the ability to use abstract
thinking
Conservation - answer-the principle (which piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the
same despite changes in the forms of objects
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