Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHOLOGY EXAM ONE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM ONE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM ONE QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
Psychology - Answer-the scientific study of mind and behavior
Origins - Answer-Western Philosophy of Greek and Romans
Wundt - Answer-brought Psychology into a Science
established the first psychology lab
Structuralism - Answer-the contents of mental processes rather than their function
mental elements
introspection - Answer-someone examines their own conscious experience as objective
as possible, making the mind a figure that scientists experimented on
William James- functionalism: - Answer-to study the function of behavior, or purposes of
the mind
to have a stream of consciousness
Psychodynamic Approach - Answer-Unconsious thought
Conflict between biological dives and demands of society
Childhood experiences = adult personality
Gestalt Psychology = Whole - Answer-principle of proximity
principle of similarity
principle of good continuation
principle of closure
principle of common fate
Behaviorism - Answer-what people do
reject explanations about thought
rewards and punishments about behavior
Humanism - Answer-potential for good
personal control
Cognitive Revolution - Answer-thoughts and thinking
Biopsychology - Answer-Brain and Nervous System
structure
function
Evolution Psychology - Answer-Adaptation
, Natural Selection
Multicultural/Cross Culture Psychology - Answer-Ways society and culture influence
behavior
Environmental influences
Scientific Method - Answer-1. Theory
2. Generate Hypothesis
testable/ measurable prediction about a relationship between variables
3. Collect Data
many pairs of people
4. Analyze Data
5. Summarize and Report, is the Hypothesis supported?
6. Confirm or Modify Theory, process could restart.
Descriptive Research - Answer-Observation
Surveys
Case Studies
Correlational Research - Answer-Characteristics: using methods of research to view a
relationship between two or more variables
Correlations: Positive-As X increases, Y increases
Negative-As X increases; Y decreases
No Correlation
Correlation is not causation
Problems: Directionality Problem, 3rd Variable Problem
Experimental Research - Answer-Characteristics: When a group is experimented on to
get a reaction to a change in the variable
Experimental group: gets the experiments manipulation
Control Group: does not get the manipulation
Independent Variables - Answer-is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter
Dependent Variables - Answer-what the researcher measures to see how much effect
the independent variable had
Random Assignment - Answer-all participants have an equal chance of being chosen
Reliability - Answer-the ability to consistently produce a given result
Validity: - Answer-the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures
what it is supposed to measure
Potential Risks - Answer-Psychological stress, Physical harm, loss of privacy and
confidentiality
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