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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 With CompleteSolutions Latest Update
selective breeding (artificial selection)- ANSWER the process of developing organisms
with desired traits as selected by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - ANSWER Amateur botanist who in 1866 published an
explanation of hereditary transmission of characteristics in plants. He is best known for
his work in pea plants and is considered the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - ANSWER the study of heredity and the variation of traits among
individuals
bacterial transforming principle- ANSWER an experiment suggested by Frederick
Griffith in 1928 that implied the "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent
Pneumococcus strain was able to transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944)- ANSWER biologists who determined DNA to be the
probable transforming principle in the experiment suggested by Griffith.
Hershey and Chase- ANSWER came to the conclusion in 1952 that the genetic material
of the bacteriophage was indeed DNA and not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - ANS Austrian biochemist that found that DNA contained equal
quantities of A and T, C and G (invented base pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - ANS British bacteriologist; first to show that genetic material
could be transferred horizontally from one cell to another, not vertically
genus - ANS the total of all genetic information carried by a species
,vertical transmission - ANSWER gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
horizontal transmission - ANSWER gene transmission from parents to their offspring
through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - ANSWER the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - ANSWER synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - ANSWER a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the
information to make a protein
hereditary material - ANS the information passed from one cellular generation to the
next encoded in DNA in humans.
Pauling and Corey 1951 - ANS biological researchers whose work laid the foundation for
studies of DNA structure - proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid
Watson and Crick 1953 - ANS the two scientists credited with discovering the structure
and shape of DNA
nucleotide-the building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes-regions of DNA that are the primary functional units of hereditary transmission
chromosomes-thread-like nuclear structure composed of nucleic acids and proteins
containing the genetic information of an individual in the form of genes.
nucleoid ANSWER a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
, diploid ANSWER containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
(2n)
haploid ANSWER an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n)
gametes ANSWER human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes
homologous chromosomes ANSWER matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid
organism
Chargaff's Rule ANSWER A=T and C=G
locus - ANSWER position of a gene on a chromosome
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - ANSWER Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope of
nitrogen, 15N
All the DNA incorporated 15N
Cells were switched to media containing lighter 14N
DNA was extracted from the cells at various time intervals
central dogma - ANSWER theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from
DNA to RNA to proteins
translation of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
initiation of translation- ANSWER mRNA is bound to a subunit of the ribosome, the first
codon is always AUG
template strand- ANSWER the strand of DNA that dictates the complementary mRNA
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