Exam (elaborations)
AN 3203 -EQUINUS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
AN 3203 -EQUINUS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
[Show more]
Content preview
AN 3203 -EQUINUS EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
What is Equinus? - ANSWER The inability of being able to produce 10
degrees of dorsiflexion during normal gait.
What angle does Equinus measure? - ANSWER The Angle of the Tibia
Relative to the Ground During GAIT!
Important DURING GAIT...not statically:
Studies have shown that there is ________ correlation between
________ ________ conditions and ________ measures of Dorsiflexion
The ________ degree static rule was a "Root Postulate"
Most symptom ________ ankle joints do not reach 10 degrees of
dorsiflexion DURING GAIT - ANSWER Studies have shown that there
is no correlation between lower limb conditions and static measures of
Dorsiflexion
The 10-degree static rule was a "Root Postulate"
Most symptom-free ankle joints do not reach 10 degrees of dorsiflexion
DURING GAIT
Why was N = 5?:
-each subject was taken to the operating room for insertion of the
________ pins.
-Self-drilling, ________ mm diameter pins (Synthes, Bettlach,
Switzerland) were inserted under local anaesthetic - ANSWER -each
subject was taken to the operating room for insertion of the intracortical
pins.
-Self-drilling, 1.6 mm diameter pins (Synthes, Bettlach, Switzerland)
were inserted under local anaesthetic
,Why are Humans Susceptible?
-Many ________ walk on their toes.
-Sufficient for them, because they have 4 feet and therefore the
relatively ________ contact area of each ground contact is made up by
the fact that they have 4 points of contact.
-Therefore base of support is ________ despite small contact points
As a biped, we need to get a ________ proportion of our leg to contact
the ground. - ANSWER -Many quadripeds walk on their toes.
-Sufficient for them, because they have 4 feet and therefore the
relatively small contact area of each ground contact is made up by the
fact that they have 4 points of contact. Therefore base of support is large
despite small contact points
-As a biped, we need to get a larger proportion of our leg to contact the
ground.
As a biped, we need to get a larger proportion of our leg to contact the
ground For two reasons - ANSWER 1.To increase ground contact area.
2.To maintain stability by having a larger base of support than if we were
standing on two sets of toes.
The Split Second Effect:
We likely inherited ________ stance from the apes who used their back
legs like another set of arms.
Advantageous for us because this gives us a "________" foot than if we
remained on our toes (digitigrade). - ANSWER We likely inherited
plantigrade stance from the apes who used their back legs like another
set of arms.
Advantageous for us because this gives us a "Longer" foot than if we
remained on our toes (digitigrade).
, Advantages of being Biped Include - ANSWER Forelimbs are available
to use tools.
List 3 disadvantages - ANSWER -Probably slower than our quadruped
(digitigrade, unguligrade) counterparts
-Less stable (fall risk)
-Subject to foot pathologies such as hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis,
Achilles tendinosis
But How Does being a Biped Make Us Susceptible to Foot Pathology? -
ANSWER EQUINUS!
There are normally 3 Rocker Motions that allow humans to get through
stance phase properly - ANSWER 1.R1 (Heel Rocker
2.R2 (Ankle Rocker)
3.R3 (Forefoot Rocker)
R1 Heel Rocker - ANSWER -After heel strike, the foot rolls over the
rounded calcaneus until the forefoot lands on the ground.
-There is never an issue with this rocker as it requires only ankle plantar
flexion which is rarely an issue.
R2 Ankle Rocker - ANSWER -The tibia rolls over the talus and takes
the rest of the body with it.
-To get through a gait cycle with minimal damage, one requires sufficient
ankle dorsiflexion.
-The purpose is to angulate the tibia forward so that centre of mass can
stay over the base of support (the foot)
T or F:
If sufficient dorsiflexion cannot be achieved we have failure of R2 -
ANSWER TRUE
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller luzlinkuz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now