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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • Course
  • Biological anthropology
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  • Biological Anthropology

BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • November 6, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Biological anthropology
  • Biological anthropology
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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Anthropology - Answer-the holistic study of the human species, its past, present, its
biology, its culture, its language

Biological Anthropology - Answer-an interdisciplinary and historical science

Evolution - Answer-a theory, "change over time"

European World View - Answer-a world in stasis, fixity of species, Great Chain of Being,
no notion of Deep Time

Great Chain of Being - Answer-a way to explain where every living thing fit into the
ladder of relationships with everything else

Deep Time - Answer-the essential concept donated by geology that stated that the earth
was old enough for biological evolution to be a possibility

Fixity of Species - Answer-the idea that living things are as God initially created them,
and that they never changed i

James Ussher - Answer-wanted to know the age of the earth; October 23, 4004 BC

Count Buffon - Answer-Uniformitarianism and deeper time

James Hutton - Answer-Uniformitarianism

Charles Lyell - Answer-Earth evolves by uniform processes; geologist

John Ray - Answer-concept of species and genus

Carolus Linnaeus - Answer-first taxonomy of plants and animals by physical
appearance

Catastophism - Answer-fossil evidence indicate multiple extinctions and multiple
catastrophies

Uniformitarianism - Answer-gradual forces shaped the planet which are still at work
today

Jean Baptiste Lamark - Answer-Inhertitance of Acquired Characteristics-interaction
between organisms and their environment, changes in trait are inherited (giraffe
scenario)

, Thomas Malthus - Answer-most living things produce more offspring than can be
expected to survive; competition for food and resources

Darwin's Postulates - Answer-1) There is the a "struggle for existence" b/c a population
grows faster than its food supply
2) There is differential success to survive and reproduce
3) Variation in a population is present and is heritable

Natural Selection - Answer-AKA: Differential Survival and Reproduction; when the
environment changes, organisms that have characteristics that enable them to survive
will do so and reproduce offspring with the same characteristics

Darwin vs Lamark - Answer-Lamark: requires variation to arise when needed
Darwin: variation already exists and nature selects those with advantageous
characteristics according to their environment

Old ideas of inheritence - Answer-blending of parents' traits, traits in blood, examples in
breeding

Gregor Mendel - Answer-Father of Genetics

Pea Plants - Answer-inheritance

Law of Segregation - Answer-traits are inherited as discrete units; frequent
units=dominant, less frequent units=recessive

Genes - Answer-codes for a particular trait

Alleles - Answer-a pair of genes

Genotype - Answer-combination of alleles

Homozygous - Answer-same alleles

Heterozygous - Answer-different alleles

Phenotype - Answer-physical expression of trait

Polygenetic Inheritance - Answer-two or more genes work together to effect a single
pheotypic trait (eg. skin color); strongly affected by the environment in which they
develop

Chromosomes - Answer-where genes are located; humans :46 , 23 pairs

Gametes - Answer-sex cells; where significant evolutionary changes occur

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