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NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ACTUAL ANSWERS 2024 - 25
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NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ACTUAL ANSWERS 2024 - 25
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NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2QUESTIONS AND ACTUAL ANSWERS 2024 - 25
What,is,gastritis?,,ANS,-
,,Inflammation,of,the,stomach,lining.,The,lining,will,be,red,and,inflamed,and,irritated
What,are,the,causes,of,gastritis?,,ANS,-
,,Ingestion,of,irritating,substances,such,a,alcohol,,aspirin,,NSAIDS,,viruses,and,bacteria
What,is,GERD?,,ANS,-
,,the,back,flow,of,gastric,contents,into,the,esophagus,through,the,lower,esophageal,sphincter.,The,infla
mmation,occurs,from,the,reflex,of,highly,acidic,stomach,acid,that,comes,up.
What,are,the,causes,of,GERD?,,ANS,-
,,Any,condition,or,agent,that,alters,closure,of,the,lower,esophageal,sphincter,or,increases,in,abdominal,p
ressure,,fatty,food,,caffeine,,large,amounts,of,alcohol,,smoking,,pregnancy,and,anatomical,features,like,h
iatal,hernia
What,are,complications,of,GERD?,,ANS,-
,,Barrett's,esophagus,where,columnar,tissue,replaces,normal,squamous,tissue,in,the,distal,esophagus,tha
t,carries,a,high,risk,for,cancer.,Progression,can,lead,to,ulcers,and,scarring.,Esophageal,strictures,,pulmon
ary,symptoms,such,as,cough,,asthma,and,laryngitis,from,reflux,in,breathing,passages.
What,are,the,signs,and,symptoms,of,peptic,ulcer,disease?,,ANS,-
,,epigastric,burning,pain,that,is,usually,relieved,by,food,or,antacids,(gastric,ulcers,present,on,empty,stom
ach,but,can,be,after,food,,duodenal,ulcers,present,2-
3,hours,after,food,and,is,relieved,by,food).,Can,also,be,life,threatening,as,GI,bleeding,can,occur,without,
warning,and,cause,a,drop,in,H/H,and,dark,tarry,stools,and,hematemesis.
What,is,the,role,of,H.pylori,in,peptic,ulcer,disease?,,ANS,-
,,promotes,both,gastric,and,duodenal,ulcer,formation,and,thrives,in,acidic,areas.,It,slows,down,ulcer,heal
ing,and,can,reoccur,frequently,,and,taking,it,away,can,help,ulcers,heal.
What,is,pseudomembranous,colitis?(C.diff),,ANS,-
,,acute,inflammation,and,necrosis,of,large,intestine.,The,intestinal,lining,cannot,absorb,well.
,What,is,the,cause,of,pseudomembranous,colitis?,,ANS,-
,,clostridium,difficile,,exposure,to,long,term,antibiotics,that,off,set,the,e.coli,and,c.diff,balance,in,intestin
e
What,are,the,manifestations,of,pseudomembranous,colitis?,,ANS,-
,,foul,smelling/bloody,stool,,abdominal,pain,,fever,,leukocytosis,,sepsis,,colonic,perforation.
How,do,we,treat,pseudomembranous,colitis?,,ANS,-
,,stop,current,antibiotics,,treat,ischemia,and,contributing,conditions,,give,oral,antibiotics,like,metronidaz
ole,or,vancomycin,,fecal,transplant,or,colectomy,if,severe
How,do,we,prevent,the,spread,of,pseudomembranous,colitis?,,ANS,-
,,wearing,appropriate,PPE,and,washing,hands,with,soap,and,water,only
What,are,the,signs,and,symptoms,of,appendicitis?,,ANS,-
,,Periumbilical,pain,,RLQ,pain,,presence,of,a,positive,McBurneys,point,with,pain,,nausea,,vomiting,,fever,,
diarrhea,,RLQ,tenderness,,systemic,signs,of,infection
How,do,we,assess,for,appendicitis?,,ANS,-
,,McBurney's,point,technique,when,pressing,on,the,belly,button,and,RLQ,hip,region,and,removing,the,pr
essure,causes,intense,pain,,indicates,positive,appendicitis
What,are,the,causes,of,bowel,obstructions?,,ANS,-
,,previous,surgery,of,the,intestines,with,adhesions,,congenital,abnormalities,of,the,bowel,,metastatic,can
cer,of,the,intestinal,tract,or,female,reproductive,organs,,accumulation,of,fluid,,gas,,water,and,electrolyte
s,in,the,bowel.
What,is,a,functional,bowel,obstruction?,,ANS,-
,,a,problem,with,the,act,of,the,bowel,actually,moving,,such,as,things,that,inhibit,movement,from,surgery,
,medications,,opioids,,low,fiber,diets,that,can,slow,motility,or,shut,off,the,GI,system,from,the,SNS,stimula
tion.
What,is,a,mechanical,bowel,obstruction?,,ANS,-
,,due,to,adhesions,,hernia,,tumors,,impacted,feces,,volvus,or,twisting,of,the,intestines,,intussusception
, What,are,the,signs,and,symptoms,of,liver,disease?,,ANS,-
,,hepatocellular,failure,(jaundice,,decreased,clotting,,hypoalbuminemia,,decreased,vitamin,D,and,K),and,
portal,hypertension,(GI,congestion,due,to,blockage,of,blood,,more,esophageal,or,gastric,varies,,hemorrh
oids,,enlarged,spleen,)
Explain,what,jaundice,is?,,ANS,-,,green-
,yellow,staining,of,tissues,from,increased,level,of,bilirubin,as,the,liver,cannot,metabolize,extra,bilirubin
Where,can,you,find,jaundice,on,assessment?,,ANS,-,,eyes,,skin,,and,mouth
Explain,what,ascites,is?,,ANS,-
,,pathological,accumulation,of,fluid,in,the,peritoneal,cavity,due,to,the,loss,of,albumin,in,the,liver,,causing,
fluid,to,be,free,amongst,the,cells.,It,can,cause,a,lot,of,pain,in,the,abdomen,,and,it,must,be,drained,with,a,
parenthesis
Explain,hepatic,encephalopathy?,,ANS,-
,,neuropsychiatric,syndrome,from,too,much,ammonia,in,the,blood,as,the,liver,cannot,break,it,down.,resu
lts,in,dementia,and,psychotic,symptoms,common,along,with,jerking
What,is,another,name,for,end,stage,liver,disease?,,ANS,-,,cirrhosis
What,are,the,signs,and,symptoms,of,gallstones?,,ANS,-
,,sudden,pain,in,the,RUQ/,center,of,the,abdomen,,back,pain,,and,nauseas,and,vomiting.
Why,do,gallstones,occur?,,ANS,-,,due,to,often,a,blockage,of,a,duct,from,a,cholesterol,filled,stone
What,are,the,three,stages,of,gallstone,formation?,,ANS,-,,supersaturation,,nucleation,,hypo,motility
Explain,supersaturation,phase,,ANS,-
,,bile,is,saturated,with,cholesterol,,causing,precipitation,of,cholesterol
Explain,nucleation,phase,,ANS,-,,the,bile,crystals,begin,to,stick,together,and,become,larger,stones
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