This exam test is written to expose managers in practice, experts, professionals and students to the reality of applying the concepts of human anatomy II
Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a
specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is
responsible?
(a) pepin
(b) amylase
(c) chymotrypsin
(d) lipase - d
Which of the following is NOT a function of low-density-lipoproteins (LDLs)?
(a) assist in the storage of cholesterol when supply exceeds demand
(b) transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver
(c) make cholesterol available to tissue cells for hormone synthesis
(d) make cholesterol available to tissue cells for membrane formation - B
Select the description below that illustrates a difference between a sphincter and
circular muscle.
(a) Sphincters are found in the proximal portion of the GI tract while circular muscle is
found in the distal portions
(b) Sphincters are found throughout the GI tract while circular muscle is found only in
the proximal portion of the GI tract
(c) A sphincter is a thickening of circular muscle that can prevent the movement of
digesting materials while circular muscle is involved in propulsion digesting materials
(d) A sphincter is composed of smooth muscle while circular muscle is composed of
skeletal muscle tissue - c
Which of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion,
or absorption>
(a) the esophagus
(b) large intestine
(c) the oral cavity
(d) the small ingestion - a
, The function of goblet cells is to __________ .
(a) produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of
powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
(b) provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms
that enter the digestive tract in food
(c) secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
(d) absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use - a
Which of the following does NOT occur in the mitochondria?
(a) citric acid (Krebs) cycle
(b) electron transport
(c) glycolysis
(d) formation of mallic acid from fumaric acid - c
From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal
are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
(a) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
(b) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
(c) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
(d) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa - b
Select the best explanation for why protease enzymes are secreted in inactive forms.
(a) The cells producing inactive enzymes are themselves protected from the enzymes
until they are safely within the lumen of the GI tract
(b) The enzymes would digest each other if they were not properly regulated
(c)The immunoglobulins protecting the digestive tract would be digested without proper
regulation of protein-digesting enzymes
(d) Inactive enzymes will simply be expelled with the feces if no protein is present in the
digesting food; this will help to conserve energy - a
Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________.
(a) causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies
(b) builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state
(c) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones
(d) elevates glucagon levels - c
A ruptured appendix is life threatening because ________ .
(a) the large intestine will no longer be able to receive digested material from the small
intestine
(b) it is likely to cause sever internal bleeding
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