Exam (elaborations)
WGU D311 MICRO SECTION 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
WGU D311 MICRO SECTION 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
WGU D311 MICRO SECTION 1 QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS 2024 - 2025
What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria" ANS - Single celled, do not have nucleus,
mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio, etc) found in pairs, clusters or
chains
What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells" ANS - Have a nucleus, have
membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than prokaryotes, linear histone
wrapped chromosomes
Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes ANS - All plants and animal cells (protozoans , algae,
fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip
like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide, ribosomes, and cell
wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Bacteria ANS - Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have peptidoglycan and
described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Protists ANS - A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
Fungi ANS - Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not photosynthetic and has cell
wall made of chitin
Helminths ANS - multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Viruses ANS - Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never both
,Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic" ANS - Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores, plasma membrane, cell wall,
peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Nucleoid of Bacteria ANS - central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic information, not
surrounded by a membrane
Ribosomes of Bacteria ANS - site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two subunits (30S small and
50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Endospores of bacteria ANS - form around DNA when stressed, protect until conditions are good
Plasma membrane in bacteria ANS - phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that defines the
boundary of the cell
Cell wall of bacteria ANS - made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and withstand changes in
osmotic pressure
Peptidoglycan of bacteria ANS - is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Flagella of bacteria ANS - acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating structure.
Fimbriae of bacteria ANS - hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Pili of bacteria ANS - Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA
Chemotaxis ANS - Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Phototaxis ANS - movement in response to light using flagella
, Bacterium "runs" ANS - Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Bacteria "tumbles" ANS - Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar rotation
vegetative cell ANS - metabolically active and growing and does not contain endospores. Sensitive to
extreme temps and radiation, gram positive, normal water content
Endospores ANS - A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh
conditions (extreme temps and radiation) does not absorb gram stain. No growth
Why is sporulation important for bacteria ANS - Protects bacteria agaisnt degrading agents,
unfavorable growth and nutrient depletion
What are 6 steps of sporulation process ANS - DNA replicates, membranes form around dna, forespore
forms additional membranes, protective cortex forms around the spore, protein coat forms around the
cortex and spore is released
Gram Negative cell ANS - More complex, 3 layers (inner membrane, thin layer if peptidoglycan and
outer membrane containing lipipolysaccharide)
Gram positive cell ANS - Simple structure, thick layer of peptidoglycan with teichoic acid
Gram Negative structure ANS - Lipopolysaccharides: outer membrane
Periplasmic space: b/T cell wall and plasma membrane
outer membrane: phospholipid bilayer external to the peptidoglycan layer
All viruses have ? ANS - capsid and nucleic acid
Capsid ANS - protein coat surrounding a virus
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Professorkaylee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now