ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 Questions And Revised Answers
selective breeding (artificial selection) - answersthe process of developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel () - answersAmateur botanist who published an explanation of hereditary transmission in...
selective breeding (artificial selection) - answers✔✔the process of developing organisms
with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - answers✔✔Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and
commonly referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - answers✔✔the study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - answers✔✔an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in
1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent
Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - answers✔✔biological researchers who identified DNA
as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - answers✔✔concluded that the genetic material of the
bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - answers✔✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of
A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for
DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - answers✔✔British bacteriologist; the first person to show that
hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than
vertically
genome - answers✔✔the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - answers✔✔gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
horizontal transmission - answers✔✔gene transmission from parents to their offspring
through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - answers✔✔the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - answers✔✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - answers✔✔a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the
information to make a protein
hereditary material - answers✔✔the information which is passed from one cellular generation
to the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - answers✔✔biological researchers who provided the basis for
research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - answers✔✔the two scientists who discovered the structure and
shape of DNA
nucleotide - answers✔✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - answers✔✔DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission.
chromosomes - answers✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
nucleoid - answers✔✔a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
diploid - answers✔✔containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
(2n)
haploid - answers✔✔an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n)
gametes - answers✔✔human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes
homologous chromosomes - answers✔✔matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid
organism
Chargaff's Rule - answers✔✔A=T and C=G
locus - answers✔✔position of a gene on a chromosome
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - answers✔✔Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope of
nitrogen, 15N
All the DNA incorporated 15N
Cells were switched to media containing lighter 14N
DNA was extracted from the cells at various time intervals
central dogma - answers✔✔theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA
to RNA to proteins
translation - answers✔✔decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
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