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LOCAL ANETHESIA EXAM REVIEW FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS CORRECTLY ANSWERED A+ GRADED
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LOCAL ANETHESIA EXAM REVIEW FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS CORRECTLY ANSWERED A+ GRADED
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LOCAL ANETHESIA EXAM REVIEW FREQUENTLYTESTED QUESTIONS CORRECTLY ANSWERED A+
GRADED.
1. Infection and inflammation can have which of the following effects
when administering a local anesthetic?
o A. Make the local anesthetic more effective
o B. Increase tissue vascularity, which can inactivate the local
anesthetic more rapidly
o C. Increase the duration of action of the local anesthetic
o D. Cause the inflamed tissue to have a high pH
Correct Answer: B. Increase tissue vascularity, which can inactivate the
local anesthetic more rapidly
Explanation: Infection and inflammation increase blood flow to the area
(vascularity), which can cause the local anesthetic to disperse and
inactivate more quickly. Inflamed tissues often have a lower pH, not
higher, which can also reduce the anesthetic's effectiveness.
2. All of the following are desirable properties of local anesthetics
except which one?
o A. Reversible
o B. Rapid onset
o C. Stability in solution
o D. Potent
o E. Slow biotransformation
Correct Answer: E. Slow biotransformation
Explanation: A desirable property of local anesthetics is rapid
biotransformation (metabolism), as it reduces the risk of toxicity. Slow
,biotransformation would increase the time the drug stays in the system,
raising the risk of side effects.
3. Where is the action site for local anesthetics?
o A. The protein receptors
o B. The nerve membrane
o C. The CNS
o D. The calcium receptors
Correct Answer: B. The nerve membrane
Explanation: Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels on the
nerve membrane, preventing the transmission of nerve impulses and
thereby causing numbness.
4. Which part of the chemical structure of a local anesthetic determines
if the anesthetic agent is classified as an ester or an amide?
o A. Intermediate chain
o B. Aromatic ring
o C. Terminal amine
o D. Quaternary ring
Correct Answer: A. Intermediate chain
Explanation: The intermediate chain in the chemical structure of a local
anesthetic determines whether it is an ester or an amide, which affects its
metabolism and potential for allergic reactions.
5. Local anesthetics have their effect on myelinated nerves mostly in
which way?
o A. All along the nerve membrane
, o B. Mostly at the synapse
o C. Mostly at the cell bodies
o D. Mostly at the nodes of Ranvier
Correct Answer: D. Mostly at the nodes of Ranvier
Explanation: Local anesthetics primarily block nerve transmission at the
nodes of Ranvier in myelinated nerves, where the nerve membrane is
exposed, allowing the anesthetic to act on sodium channels.
6. The quaternary form of the local anesthetic molecule:
o A. Is the ionized form in the cartridge and is responsible for
binding to the receptor site
o B. Is the unionized form in the cartridge and is responsible for
binding to the receptor site
o C. Is the ionized form of the molecule that penetrates the nerve
membrane
o D. Is the unionized form of the molecule that penetrates the
nerve membrane
Correct Answer: A. Is the ionized form in the cartridge and is responsible
for binding to the receptor site
Explanation: The quaternary form of the local anesthetic is ionized in the
cartridge, which is essential for binding to receptor sites and achieving the
desired numbing effect once it reaches the nerve membrane.
7. Ester-type local anesthetics are no longer manufactured in injectable
form for dentistry because:
o A. Of their difficulty to penetrate the nerve
o B. Of their high degree of hypersensitivity
o C. They increase the potential for systemic overdose
, o D. They have significant vasodilator properties
Correct Answer: B. Of their high degree of hypersensitivity
Explanation: Ester-type anesthetics have a higher risk of causing allergic
reactions compared to amides, which is why they are no longer used in
injectable forms in dentistry.
8. During manufacturing, local anesthetics are formulated as which of
the following to render them water-soluble?
o A. Muriatic acid
o B. Sodium bisulfite
o C. Hydrochloride salt
o D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: C. Hydrochloride salt
Explanation: Local anesthetics are formulated as hydrochloride salts to
make them water-soluble, which facilitates their injection and absorption
into tissues.
9. Which of the following anesthetics will provide the most rapid onset
based on its pKa?
o A. Mepivacaine
o B. Lidocaine
o C. Bupivacaine
o D. Benzocaine
Correct Answer: A. Mepivacaine
Explanation: Mepivacaine has a relatively low pKa, which allows it to
achieve a rapid onset by more quickly reaching the effective concentration
needed for anesthesia.
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