Exam (elaborations)
LOCAL ANETHESIA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ACCURATE WITH EXPLANATIONS A+ GRADED
- Course
- Institution
LOCAL ANETHESIA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ACCURATE WITH EXPLANATIONS A+ GRADED
[Show more]
Content preview
LOCAL ANETHESIA EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ACCURATEWITH EXPLANATIONS A+ GRADED.
What are the two types of local anesthesia?
• Correct Answer: Esters and Amides
• Explanation: Local anesthetics are classified into two groups: esters,
which are metabolized in the plasma, and amides, which are
metabolized in the liver.
What is the first local anesthetic drug?
• Correct Answer: Procaine
• Explanation: Procaine, also known as Novocaine, was the first synthetic
local anesthetic developed in the early 20th century.
Is Procaine an ester or an amide?
• Correct Answer: Ester
• Explanation: Procaine is an ester-type local anesthetic, which is
metabolized in the plasma by enzymes.
What is Procaine also called?
• Correct Answer: Novocain
• Explanation: Procaine is commonly known as Novocain, a brand name
that became widely used for dental and medical procedures.
How is Procaine (Novocaine) metabolized?
• Correct Answer: In plasma
• Explanation: Procaine is broken down in the bloodstream by the
enzyme pseudocholinesterase.
People who are missing a specific enzyme cannot break down
Novocaine. What enzyme is this?
• Correct Answer: Pseudocholinesterase
, • Explanation: Individuals who lack the enzyme pseudocholinesterase
may have difficulty metabolizing esters like Novocaine, which can lead
to toxicity or prolonged effects.
What happens if someone is missing the particular enzyme needed to
break down Novocaine?
• Correct Answer: They may experience severe toxicity, which can lead
to death in extreme cases (1 in 2800 or 1 in 1200 people).
• Explanation: Without the enzyme to break down the anesthetic, it can
accumulate in the system, causing adverse effects, including toxicity,
which in rare cases can be fatal.
Instead of using esters, we now use _______ for local anesthesia.
• Correct Answer: Amides
• Explanation: Amides have largely replaced esters due to their more
stable chemical structure and reduced risk of allergic reactions.
What was the first amide local anesthetic?
• Correct Answer: Lidocaine
• Explanation: Lidocaine was the first amide anesthetic introduced and
became widely used due to its effectiveness and relatively safe profile.
Which anesthetic is the most commonly used in the world?
• Correct Answer: Lidocaine (with 1:100,000 epinephrine)
• Explanation: Lidocaine is the most commonly used anesthetic worldwide,
often combined with epinephrine to extend its duration and control
bleeding.
What is Methemoglobinemia?
• Correct Answer: It interferes with oxygen absorption in red blood cells.
• Explanation: Methemoglobinemia is a condition where hemoglobin is
unable to release oxygen effectively, and it can be caused by certain
local anesthetics, like prilocaine.
Bupivacaine is an amide also known as ___________.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AcademicAllure. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now