Exam (elaborations)
Neuro review for NPTE exam
- Course
- Institution
Neuro review for NPTE exam Neuro review for NPTE exam Neuro review for NPTE exam
[Show more]
Content preview
Neuro review for NPTE examthis lobe of the brain is involved with higher order processing of info; the "doing" lobe; the "smartie"
lobe, the "A CEO" lobe
- combines different modalities of sensory info (e.g. vision with touch/pain)
- contains the pre-central gyrus which is the *primary motor cortex* (controls voluntary sk. muscle
activity)
- involved with problem solving, cognition, behavior, reasoning, delayed behavior, etc.
- Contains *Broca's area (speech production*) - ANS frontal (lobe)
(A CEO: apraxia and aphasia [Broca's]; controls plan, programming, movement; emotional, behavior
control, personality; olfaction)
this brain structure is involved in *executive functions* or the higher cognitive functions such as
initiation/motivation, attention, planning, problem solving, reasoning, judgement, and short-term
memory.
- also involved in behavioral regulation (impulse control, high level coping mechanisms for emotions of
anger, sadness, frustration, hunger, and other emotions)
- supplied by ACA and MCA - ANS PFC (prefrontal cortex)
this lobe of the brain processes *sensory* information regarding location of body parts (perception) and
sensation (touch, pain, temp, pressure, proprioception)
- includes the post-central gyrus which is the *primary somatosensory cortex*, the main sensory
receptive area for the sense of touch
- body orientation and sensory discrimination
,- Main arterial supply: MCA - ANS parietal (the "where system")
Damage to the parietal lobe impacts:
a. ability to process and distinguish sensory info, difficulty with overall body awareness
b. memory dysfunction (retrograde/anterograde amnesia), receptive aphasia, difficulty recognizing
music pitch and rhythm
c. impulsivity, behavioral control issues, expressive aphasia
d. none of the above - ANS a (ability to process and distinguish sensory info, difficulty with overall body
awareness)
Damage to the temporal lobe impacts:
a. ability to process and distinguish sensory info, difficulty with overall body awareness
b. memory dysfunction (retrograde/anterograde amnesia), receptive aphasia, difficulty recognizing
music pitch and rhythm
c. impulsivity, behavioral control issues, expressive aphasia
d. none of the above - ANS b (memory dysfunction [retrograde/anterograde amnesia], receptive
aphasia, difficulty recognizing music pitch and rhythm)
Patients with lesions in the *left* hemisphere typically present with:
a. impulsivity
b. poor judgement
c. overestimate abilities/underestimate problems
d. slow and cautious - ANS d (slow and cautious)
,(LEFT LESION (think OLD person): right side hemiplegia, slow, cautious, hesitant, insight into
impairments - frustration/difficulty with positive emotion, difficulty with VERBAL cues
RIGHT LESION (think BABY): left side hemiplegia, impulsive, quick, indifferent, poor judgement,
overestimate abilities, underestimate problems, difficulty with VISUAL cues, difficulty with negative
emotions)
this lobe of the brain is involved with *language, learning, memory*, and conscious smell perception;
the "What is it?" system
- includes the *primary auditory cortex* (allows us to perceive auditory info/sounds), hippocampus
(memory), and *Wernicke's area (language comprehension*) - ANS temporal
(Left temporal: language, interpretation [Wernicke's], facial recognition, hyposexuality
Right temporal: primary auditory cortex, sounds, rhythm, music, visual performance, emotional
expression, hypersexuality)
this lobe of the brain is involved with vision
- visual info from optic nerve transmitted through the thalamus and into the primary visual cortex - ANS
occipital
the ________ is involved with *balance and coordination* while the __________ is in charge of the
body's *involuntary responses* - ANS cerebellum, brainstem
this brain structure's function is to sequence muscle contractions; *coordination, balance*, equilibrium
, - "small brain within the brain"; *motor learning*; new motor programs created to ensure smooth
movement
- lesions to this area result in motor deficits on the ipsilateral side of the body; ataxia (uncoordinated
and inaccurate movements), dyssynergia (decomposition of synergistic multijoint movements), and
dysmetria (overshoot or undershoot target) - ANS cerebellum
(Cerebellum is involved in BALANCE AND COORDINATION + sequencing muscle contraction for smooth
movement. Lesions to this area result in motor deficits on the IPSILATERAL side of the body. Also results
in motor learning impairments [decreased anticipatory control, feedback, and learning delays].
Ataxia = uncoordinated, inaccurate movements.
Dyssynergia = decomposition of synergistic multi-joint movements.
Dysmetria = overshoot or undershoot a target.)
*_____________ cerebellar* lesion: central vestibular Sx (ocular dysmetria, poor eye pursuit,
dysfunctional VOR, impaired hand-eye coordination), gait/trunk ataxia, little change in tone/dyssynergia
of extremities. - ANS Flocculonodular
*_____________ cerebellar* lesion: hypotonia with weakness/fatigue, key issue with muscle activation
timing, trunk ataxia (dysequilibrium, increased sway, wide BOS, high arm position, worse with eyes
closed), gait ataxia (unsteady, increased falls, uneven/decreased step length) - ANS Spinocerebellum
Match the following *brainstem* structures with the correct description:
-___: regulates breathing, HR, BP, digestion, sneezing and swallowing; supplied by anterior spinal &
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lectjoseph. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81113 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now